Analytical chemistry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analytical chemistry - Assignment Example n used in the advancement of a sensitive method that can be used to judge ABZ put in pharmaceutical formulations through the use of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method (Lourencao, Baccarin, Medeiros, Rocha-Filho & Fatibello-Filho, 2013). The main aim was to provide the above information on the above issue both in veterinary and human medicine. The paper adds to the few studies that have been done on electrochemical behavior and the quantification of ABZ. It also serves to add information on the use of several methods that have been used in the definition of ABZ and its main metabolites including chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. The electrochemical behavior of the ABZ was studied using three voltammetric techniques that included cyclic voltammetry (CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. All the three methods were used to determine which one among them was the best in the evaluations to enable the authors come up with a trustworthy result and conclusion on the investigations. The cyclic voltammetry was used was only used for preliminary studies because it is not as sensitive and detailed as the other procedures (Lourencao, Baccarin, Medeiros, Rocha-Filho & Fatibello-Filho, 2013). The three methods were used to find the best conditions for determining ABZ. After optimization of the of the limitations of the experiment for the methods, the result was used to draw curves by adding the aliquots of the stock solution of the ABZ to electrochemical cell that had 10 mL of 0.05 mol L-1 H2SO4. All the experiments were done through an Autolab PGSTAT-30 potentiostat that was controlled by the GPES 4.9 software. The experiment also employed the use of a three-electrode sell system where a BDD electrode was the working one, an Ag electrode as the reference and the platinum wire as the auxiliary electrode. The experiment also used an LC-10 AT Shimadzu system to determine the ABZ through a high performance

Enterprise Technologies and the Value Chain Research Paper

Enterprise Technologies and the Value Chain - Research Paper Example Opportunities to identify these benefits can be realized via examining the organization’s value chain. Enterprise Technology Mobile business refers to electronic business transactions enabled, in part, by mobile technology targeting both consumers and businesses (Hill & Jones, 2011). The mobile business includes mobile commerce activities that represent mobile technology-enabled transactions. Mobile technologies that support mobile businesses are grouped as networks and devices. Mobile devices can range from GPS and RFID chips to tablets and barcode scanners. Mobile networks include RFID, Bluetooth, GPS and mobile telecommunication networks. These are utilized, by organizations, to offer customization and flexibility. Unlike e-commerce, M-business offers value via enabling users to be reachable anytime and be mobile. Therefore, value creation can occur via support to mobile users (employees) or mobile activities such as tracking supplies and raw materials. An industry trend th at is growing is Fixed Mobile Convergence where centralized infrastructure and management support a mobile workforce that provides access to business applications from all locations and network connections (Hill & Jones, 2011). ... The employees may want to interact with fellow employees and may be on the receiving end of interactions with both external and internal information systems. An example of a business application useful here is the wireless notification system using SMS for critical updates. The wireless interactions possible are employee-to-employee, employee to the system, and employee to consumer (Meier & Stormer, 2011). The systems are run by organizations as either a front-end or back-end systems. An example of this is an employee using wireless business’ ERP system, with the potential mobile interactions being a system-to-system, system to the employee, and system to consumer. The final component supported is the consumer, who may interact wirelessly with the organization. The potential interactions include consumer-to-consumer, consumer to the employee and consumer to system. The unique attributes of mobile technology offer support to the organization’s value chain by providing localization, personalization, and connectivity (Meier & Stormer, 2011). A mobile infrastructure enables employees to have full time connectivity anywhere and at any time, coupled with information and communication exchange. A mobile device is assigned to one user, who can then personalize application and interface settings to increase device satisfaction and also effectiveness and efficiency of the system. Finally, mobile devices support localization, which is especially important as it allows reachability from the ability of the internet to reach an IP address to reaching the user or an item.  Ã‚  

A Model For Recovery The Tidal Model Social Work Essay

A Model For Recovery The Tidal Model Social Work Essay My family have used mental health services for three generations. I experienced my first hypo-manic episode in 1981 when I was writing up my doctoral thesis. During the past twenty-four years I have had sixteen episodes that have led to hospitalisation. I first met Professor Phil Barker in 1983 when he had just taken up the Chair of Psychiatric Nursing Practice at Newcastle University and I had just launched myself as a User Consultant under the name of Section 36. During his ten years in Newcastle we worked on several projects and spent many hours sharing our views on user empowerment, self-management and recovery. I felt privileged when he asked me to comment on the Tidal Model in its early stages. I feel equally privileged and delighted to speak about the Model today. Phil and Poppy Buchanan-Barker co-wrote this Guide on the Tidal Model for Mental Health Professionals. They have asked me to consider whether or not the Tidal Model helps service users on their recovery journey. I will do this largely by reading quotations taken directly from the book. Before we can do this I feel it necessary to look at the meanings of recovery. Elements of Recovery The Chambers 20th Century Dictionary definition of recover is to cure. In the context of mental health recovery is generally not accepted as being synonymous with cure. From her work with service users Repper observed that: Recovery does not mean that all suffering has disappeared, or that all symptoms have been removed, or that functioning has been restored. Pat Deegan, a clinical psychologist with a late childhood-diagnosis of schizophrenia recognized recovery is not a cure but sees no reason for despair. Being in recovery means I know I have certain limitations and things I cant do. But rather than letting these limitations be an occasion for despair and giving up, I have learned that in knowing what I cant do, I also open up all the possibilities of all I can do. Acceptance is a key factor in the recovery process. Again, Pat Deegan notes: †¦ an ever-deepening acceptance of our limitations. But now, rather than being an occasion for despair, we find our personal limitations are the ground from which spring our own unique possibilities. This is the paradox of recovery†¦that in accepting what we cannot do or be we discover what we can be and what we can do †¦ recovery is a process. It is a way of life. It is an attitude and a way of approaching the days challenges. Simon Champ, a prominent Australian mental health activist, also views recovery as a lifelong process which requires important changes in self : I have come to see that you do not simply patch up the self you were before developing schizophrenia, but that you have to actually recreate a concept of who you are that integrates the experience of schizophrenia. Real recovery is far from a simple matter of accepting diagnosis and learning facts about the illness and medication. Instead, it is a deep searching and questioning. A journey through unfamiliar feelings, to embrace new concepts and a wider view of self. It is not an event but a process. For many, I believe it is a lifelong journey. Despite painful times Anthony believes that we should always be hopeful as the recovery period brings with it periods of personal growth. Recovery is described as a deeply personal, unique process of changing ones attitudes, values, feelings, goals, skills, and/or roles. It is a way of living a satisfying, hopeful and contributing life, even with limitations caused by the illness. Recovery involves the development of new meaning and purpose in ones life as one grows beyond the catastrophic effects of mental illness. The Tidal Model In my view, hospitalisation is a form of containment rather than a therapeutic process. Service users are expected to entertain themselves by talking amongst themselves, watching television, sitting in the smoking room, playing pool or attending occupational therapy. Mental health nurses need to break out of the mechanistic routine, which restricts their dialogue with service users. When the Tidal Model is in use, each service user undergoes a holistic assessment with a specially trained mental health nurse. All experiences are accepted as true and not dismissed as hallucinations (for example). The mental health nurse discusses with the service user what the person feels may have caused their admission and what they feel they need to do to address these problems. Every service user receives a copy of their assessment, which is recorded in their own words. This process helps to build up trust between the service user and the mental health nurse. They form a partnership whereby the nurse supports the service user through the recovery process. The emphasis is on caring with rather than caring for. The attitudes, beliefs and expressed needs of the service user are accepted at each stage of the recovery process. The user knows that the advice of the nurse may not necessarily be accepted. The persons story lies at the heart of the Tidal Model†¦..The Tidal Model is a philosophical approach to the recovery or discovery of mental health. It is not a treatment model, which implies that something needs to be done to change the person. Instead the Tidal Model assumes that the person is already changing, albeit in small and subtle ways†¦.In the Tidal Model water is used as the core metaphor. Following the Holistic Assessment the service user enters into a period of Individual Care and Group Care. One to one Individual Care sessions are arranged on a daily basis. , The process of Individual Care involves developing a collaborative relationship within which the person can begin to develop awareness of the resources that (s)he currently possesses, which might be used to address the problem of living; what additional resources (support) might be needed; and what needs to happen next, to begin to move off on the recovery journey. Three forms of group work provide a supportive social structure for the Individual Care: The Discovery Group The Information Group The Solutions Group The Discovery Group brings together service users to discuss a set of pre-prepared questions that aim to generate simple reflection and light-hearted as well as meaningful conversation. Two members of the professional team normally lead the Discovery Group, but over time group participants may take turns in leading the session. The Discovery Group therefore aims to provide a setting within which people might experience a boost to their self-esteem, reclaiming in the process some of the personhood that has been lost, either as a function of the experience of mental ill-health, or of the experience of psychiatric care and treatment, or both. The Discovery Group provides an opportunity within which members may reclaim and develop further their ability to share with others, on a simple yet mutually rewarding basis, through simple question and answer sessions. The Information Group aims to provide practical advice to people about services they are presently using, or services that they might consider using. This advice is delivered in plain language, preferably in an entertaining, interesting or otherwise accessible way. Francis Bacons dictum that knowledge itself is power is the primary motivation behind the Information Group. Without knowledge we are not only ignorant, but also powerless. The people who lead the Information Group should have in-depth knowledge of specific topic areas who can comfortably answer intelligent and searching questions from people in care and perhaps also staff members. There are an infinite number of possible topics for the Information Group, but experience of the Tidal Model projects around the world suggests that the following are most popular: Medication Current care and treatment Psychotherapy and counselling Nutrition and well-being Social security benefits Community supports Specialist mutual support groups Housing and supported accommodation. The potential contribution to Information Groups that might be made by user/consumer-advocates, psychiatric survivors, or others who have navigated the recovery journey, is inestimable. Apart from special knowledge of the recovery journey, such people come carrying a huge beacon of hope. Their very presence signals the possibility of recovery, but also frames this within a realistic storyline. The Tidal Model emphasises the necessary search for solutions. Given that the problems of living which people experience determines the need for help, both lay and professional, it follows that we should be focused on solutions to these problems. However, unlike some other therapy models or treatment systems, we do not believe that the professionals have the answers to the persons problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the Tidal Model needs to be tailored to suit every person in the programme. Everyone needs a theory of their own to explain how they got there, and how they might move off again, back onto the ocean of experience. So the pragmatic focus on finding solutions is carried over into the work of the Solutions Group. The Solutions Group is part of the heavy work of care-helping people to learn more about themselves and their problems and instilling hope in the recovery process. The Solutions Group is highly practical and focuses on conversations about change that is already taking place within individual members. What subtle examples of change is the person already becoming aware of? Alternatively the group will focus on conversations about what change might be like; how participants will know change when they encounter it. The Tidal Model focuses upon the unison between the service user and the professional helper. However †¦..the Tidal Model is an anti-professional approach to mental health care . It does not believe that there is special knowledge concerning mental health, known only to the professional, that can bring about the resolution of serious problems of human living, or speed the persons recovery. The Tidal Model proposes that only the person can ever own such knowledge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..However, the person needs the sophisticated support to plan and execute the process of recovery. Finally the book offers us Ten Commitments which distil the essence of the practice of the Tidal Model. Value the voice: the persons story is the beginning and endpoint of the whole helping encounter. The persons story embraces not only the account of the persons distress, but also the hope for its resolution. This is the voice of experience. We need to guard it well, as the voice begins to help the person to make her or himself anew. There is no doubt in my mind that the Tidal Model promotes the process of recovery. The key features that set it aside from other models are: It is based on the personal stories of service users. It is based on caring with rather than caring for. It is a holistic model of care. It recognises that knowledge is power. It focuses upon solutions rather than problems. It promotes self-management and empowerment. It promotes the concept of therapeutic experience rather than containment. In this sense, the Tidal Model is truly groundbreaking.

The Right to Privacy Essay examples -- Bill of Rights

Individuals are born with certain liberty and freedom. Some freedom are being protected by the Bill of Rights, like freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, and some are not. Privacy is one of the rights that was not mention in the Constitution. The definition of the right to privacy is the right to be left alone without government’s intrusion. Throughout history the Supreme Court has been ruling in favor of the right to privacy like in the cases of Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade, and Lawrence v. Texas. People who believe that the Constitution should be taken literally protest that this is an act of judicial activism, or judiciary misuse of political power to implement their own opinion on federal laws. Then there are those who believe that the judiciary pursuit justice when protecting individual’s the right to privacy. In this paper I will argue that the right to privacy is an example of the judicial authority in pursuit of justice because it is inferre d in the Constitution, it’s a just liberty, and it’s in the state of nature. The judiciary authority is responsible for individual’s right to privacy because it exists in the state of nature. Does the Constitution protects privacy? Justice Douglas answered yes. In the court case of Griswold v. Connecticut, Griswold offered informations about birth control to married couples. His action violate with the state law of Connecticut which prohibited any use of device that will prevent contraception (261). This court case raise a question of the right to privacy that protect individual from government intrusion. There were difficulties in addressing the question because unlike other liberties and freedoms, the right to privacy was not stated directly in the Constitution.... ... 225-229. Douglas, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 261-262. Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å"The Federalist No. 78† (1788). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 75-78. Hartouni, Valerie. Horwitz, Robert. Skrentny, John. Dimension of Culture 2 Justice. San Diego, CA: University Readers, 2011. Locke, John. â€Å"Chapter II: Of the State of Nature.† â€Å"Chapter V: Of Property.† â€Å"Chapter IX: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government.† The Second Treatise of Government (1690). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 21-36. Peckham, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 231-237. Taney, Roger, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 151-156. The Right to Privacy Essay examples -- Bill of Rights Individuals are born with certain liberty and freedom. Some freedom are being protected by the Bill of Rights, like freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, and some are not. Privacy is one of the rights that was not mention in the Constitution. The definition of the right to privacy is the right to be left alone without government’s intrusion. Throughout history the Supreme Court has been ruling in favor of the right to privacy like in the cases of Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade, and Lawrence v. Texas. People who believe that the Constitution should be taken literally protest that this is an act of judicial activism, or judiciary misuse of political power to implement their own opinion on federal laws. Then there are those who believe that the judiciary pursuit justice when protecting individual’s the right to privacy. In this paper I will argue that the right to privacy is an example of the judicial authority in pursuit of justice because it is inferre d in the Constitution, it’s a just liberty, and it’s in the state of nature. The judiciary authority is responsible for individual’s right to privacy because it exists in the state of nature. Does the Constitution protects privacy? Justice Douglas answered yes. In the court case of Griswold v. Connecticut, Griswold offered informations about birth control to married couples. His action violate with the state law of Connecticut which prohibited any use of device that will prevent contraception (261). This court case raise a question of the right to privacy that protect individual from government intrusion. There were difficulties in addressing the question because unlike other liberties and freedoms, the right to privacy was not stated directly in the Constitution.... ... 225-229. Douglas, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 261-262. Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å"The Federalist No. 78† (1788). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 75-78. Hartouni, Valerie. Horwitz, Robert. Skrentny, John. Dimension of Culture 2 Justice. San Diego, CA: University Readers, 2011. Locke, John. â€Å"Chapter II: Of the State of Nature.† â€Å"Chapter V: Of Property.† â€Å"Chapter IX: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government.† The Second Treatise of Government (1690). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 21-36. Peckham, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 231-237. Taney, Roger, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 151-156.

Females and males had equal but complementary roles in traditional Aboriginal life Essay

The purpose of this report is to show that women and men shared many roles in Traditional Australian Aboriginal life. It is acknowledged that men and women were given equal and complementary roles when it came to ceremonies, hunting and gathering, raising and initiating the children, building shelter and throughout the leadership hierarchy. This is proved through evidence collected and presented in the following paragraphs. The roles of both men and women were important and neither was thought to be as more significant than the other. While men had certain roles and women had other roles, they complemented each other which made day to day life easier and more bearable for the group. There were many different types of ceremonies performed by the Australian Aboriginals. Some ceremonies performed were initiation ceremonies, funeral ceremonies, cleansing ceremonies and ceremonies to great other tribes or groups of Australian aboriginals onto their land. During initiation ceremonies, young boys and girls begin the journey to become a man or woman. They are often taken away from the group and left in the bush to be shown and taught by the elders. The elders will pass on the laws relating to their country, spiritual belief and the role and obligations they have within the tribe. [1] This ceremony is performed by both men and women and each role they play complements the other. While men look after the young boys and women look after the young girls, without their roles complementing each other, neither group would be able to co-exist. In funeral ceremonies, both men and women elders would smoke out a house where a person may have died. This is to rid their community of the potential of the deceased’s bad spirits coming back. They also find the last place the deceased person was and smoke it for the same reason. [2] During this ceremony, they would often cut open their own flesh to show their pain and sorrow because one of them had passed. They sung and danced to ensure the deceased’s spirit had left to return to its birth place where it was to be reborn into the world. [3]Without both the men and women complementing each other throughout this ceremony, they would not be able to be performed. Aboriginal people believe that when a person dies, their spirit goes back to the Dreaming Ancestors in the land. This is only possible if certain ceremonies and rituals are performed. They used dances and special songs in times of death or mourning periods. It is also thought that when a person dies they are one with the land again, so often, the aboriginal group will vacate the area that a group member died. It is unsure whether this is out of respect or out of fear that the spirit will return and haunt them. They will return to the place sometime within a year and bury the bones of their dead group member. All other ceremonies that are performed by the Australian Aboriginals were able to be performed by both male and female members of the group. Some also include other groups or tribes. It is known that the Australian Aboriginals were avid hunters. They had a very deep knowledge of their land and believe they were born of it. They also had great knowledge of water sources and seasonal changes which affect the type of food readily available to them. They were knowledgeable about certain foods which were poisonous to them and knew when and how to avoid them should they ever come across these foods. Both males and females made different but complementary contributions when it came to hunting and gathering. The roles of both men and women were complementary in that they worked together to gather food to prepare a meal. Women gathered things such as vegetables, eggs, honey, roots, fruit, and small reptiles such as snakes and goannas. Mostly, the men hunted larger animals such as emus and kangaroos as well as birds. [4] The preparing of such foods was done by both the men and women. It is believed that women were the main carers of young children in traditional Australian Aboriginal society. However, during initiation, the men took over the role of caring for the young boy so they could be taught the laws of the land. When a young boy was roughly six years of age, he would go and join the male adults to learn about hunting and food gathering while the young girls would remain with the women to learn about different things such as child bearing, child rearing and food gathering [5] Because of a combination of nomadic lifestyle and the regions sunny climate, aboriginal people believed there was no need to build shelters or dwellings. The shelter that was used in permanent camps consisted in a frame made from saplings, or straight branches, covered with materials that were available locally such as leafy branches or sheets of bark. In some areas the covering of the shelter was sheets of soft paperbark, which were pulled down from trees. In other areas they used bushes and leafy branches instead because the bark was not available. Australia has such a mild climate, most of the time, they would sleep in the open, and warmth was often provided by a fire or two. They would sometimes be accompanied by a dingo or camp dog, which would also provide warmth to the man or women who it slept beside. During the wetter and colder seasons, they sometimes used closed dome-shaped shelters which were made with a frame of different sized sticks bent over, which joined in the middle to make the dome shape. They were not very big, standing between one and two metres tall. The frame for these was covered with whatever materials that could be found locally such as sheets of bark, layers of soft grass and leaves. [6] Both men and women would collect and assemble the shelters used as well as the campfire. Sometimes they had daytime fires which needed protection from the wind, so they used bushes and branches as a windbreak. Women would gather the leafy branches and bark that is needed to make the roof while the men would gather the saplings and/or the straight branches used to make the frame. Another form of shelter used when available was small or shallow caves that were often hidden behind rocks or bushes. These provided natural shelter for the nomadic Australian Aboriginals. [7] Both men and women had various roles when it comes to leadership in the Aboriginal culture. Both genders would contribute in leading ceremonies, tribal or group meetings and hunting parties. Although it is often shown that men have the main role of being an elder, women also were elders. Elders were leaders of the group who shared knowledge of the laws surrounding the land and how each member of the group intertwines with another. Elders are valuable members of each aboriginal tribe or group as they bring the wealth of knowledge and pass it down generation to generation. While male elders bring knowledge of hunting bigger animals, laws of the land and initiation, female elders bring knowledge of child irth, food gathering and child rearing. The knowledge used by both male and female members of the group helps them to become one with the land. In conclusion, in Traditional Australian Aboriginal life men and women were proven to share roles and complement each other through various ways. Through raising children, hunting and gathering, ceremonies and in leadership they comple ment each others roles so that the tribe or group can exist harmoniously. While men seem to have the main role throughout the Australian Aboriginal culture, it has now been proven that without the complementary role of women, the group would not continue to coexist.

Chiang Rai Thailand Health And Social Care Essay

This is a quantitative research review on a survey conducted in 2008 in the northern state of Chiang Rai, Thailand. The survey investigates the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes, and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) in people populating with HIV/AIDS ( PLWHA ) in the northern part of the said state. Four hundred 22 topics were selected to take part in the research and from them informations were collected with the usage of four different questionnaires. The consequences revealed that symptom experience had a important negative direct consequence on the HRQOL as opposed to age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention and self-care schemes which had important positive consequence on the HRQOL. Furthermore, it was seen that societal support and antiretroviral intervention had an indirect consequence on the HRQOL through self-care schemes. With these findings, it was recommended that public ity of societal support and attachment to antiretroviral intervention must be achieved to heighten the quality of life of people populating with HIV/ AIDS. The rubric is dryly stated which included a minimum figure of words but still adequately describes the contents of the paper ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . It is concise yet does non compromise its relevancy and does non sound uninteresting. It is briefly put together but still is moderately extended to explicate the research without overpowering readers with excessively much information. Furthermore, the rubric is formulated in a strong and simple mode which is really of import in guaranting readers will non be distracted or confused. The rubric presents the topic of the research which is the health-related quality of life in people populating with HIV/ AIDS in the northern part of Thailand. The research workers of this survey are Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, Jintana Yunibhand, Sureeporn Thanasilp, and Kathy Magilvy. Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, RN, Msc, Jintana Yunibhand, RN, Msc, PhD, and Sureeporn Thanasilp, RN, Msc, DNS are members of the Faculty of Nursing in Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand while Kathy Magilvy, RN, PhD, FAAN is a professor of the College of Nursing of the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA. With all these academic certificates and makings, the research workers can be considered believable personalities in their several Fieldss of fortes. The research was made by well-thought-of professors and registered nurses. All of them have maestro ‘s grade while Tangkawanich is the lone one without a doctorial grade. The article uses an declarative or descriptive abstract to supply a brief sum-up of the chief points of the research ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . Since the research surveies a societal occurrence in a quantitative attack, the research workers used this sort of abstract as it describes what transpired during the full research procedure. The abstract references the condensed signifier of the research purpose, which is to happen out the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes and health-related quality of life. The methodological analysis used in carry oning the research is mentioned although some information was excluded as they were discussed in item in the succeeding parts of the research. Four different questionnaires were used to roll up informations from the 422 respondents chosen for the survey. Using the Likert evaluation graduated table, the informations were analyzed and were so subjected to statist ical intervention with SPSS and LISREL. The abstract besides reports the major findings ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) which show that symptom experience has a important negative consequence on the HRQOL while the other staying variables had a important positive consequence. Additionally, societal support and antiretroviral intervention were besides found to hold an indirect consequence on HRQOL via self-care schemes. Last, the abstract of the survey suggests a recommendation for the health-care squad, together with the household and community, to advance societal support and guarantee antiretroviral intervention to heighten the quality of life in people populating with HIV/ AIDS sing the research findings. It besides illustrates the survey ‘s significance to clinical pattern. The research job is clearly presented in the debut of the article as it explains the principle behind the behavior of this survey ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2007 ) . The purpose in this survey is to look into the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes and the HRQOL in people populating with HIV/AIDS in northern Thailand. It examines whether or non relationships between these factors exist, what sort of relationships exists if there are any and how does it implicate the people with the infection and the likely intercessions to be taken by wellness attention squad every bit good. The debut was besides able to give a state of affairs about how people with HIV/AIDS in the involved survey puting live their lives. It gave a brief treatment about HIV/AIDS which significantly provides a good jump-start in explicating the entireness of the research. The debut states the scarceness in research stuff that focal point on the relationships among the variables identified, HRQOL and PLWHA, set uping the demand for the survey to be conducted. Although the debut was able to discourse the major points and variables in the survey, it did non include the restrictions. Additionally, the debut besides did non explicate the chief subject from a bigger international range to a narrow and more specific degree ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . In amount, the debut was able to set up a clear logic, an analysis of old plants, background information and the chief intent of the research ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2003 ) . The broad literature reappraisal used in the research was able to give a good background about the major points in the survey. However, many other stuffs still could hold been used to further beef up the survey ‘s literature reappraisal. It is notable that the survey is supported by up to day of the month information which makes it more timely and relevant. The literature reappraisal utilized articles from many other research workers whose research end products have greatly provided helpful informations to the survey. The description of the present life conditions of the respondents ( Sukati et al. , 2005 ) , the self-care schemes that they use ( Panuwatsuk, 1998 ) , the symptoms and their correlativity to HRQOL ( Dodd et al. 2001 ) , the current antiretroviral intervention ( Heckman 2003 ) , all these and others, were taken from researches conducted from twelvemonth 2000 through 2007. The literature is able to show in text the theoretical construction from which the survey was anchored. With the sum of referenced articles presented in the literature, the balanced rating of back uping and opposing stuffs for the proposition is demonstrated. Since merely few researches surveies were made sing the indirect consequence of the many factors identified on the HRQOL in PLWHA, the necessity to develop a theoretical account that could show the direct and indirect effects of the forecasters on the HRQOL in PLWHA has clearly risen as stated in the literature reappraisal. Furthermore, of import mentions were acknowledged consequently to further reenforce the soundness of the survey. Notwithstanding, it may hold given an extended overview on the survey, but still it was non able to show a few important points. Although the literature illustrated a comprehensive background on the survey and the variables involved, it did non overtly cite the cardinal theoretical model. The survey is a quantitative research which tries to explicate a societal phenomenon. This connotes that no change of the environment was made and the respondents were non subjected to any signifier of controlled scene, therefore, variables involved are limited. Since this is a quantitative research, it must hold a sound hypothesis which will function as its anchor. But it is non stated alternatively, an implied hypothesis was used to see whether or non relationships exist among the forecasters: age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, self-care schemes and symptom experience on wellness -related quality of life in people populating with HIV/AIDS. This is an illustration of a non-directional hypothesis ( Wood & A ; Haber, 2006 ) , where the hypothesis being tested is reversible but can be tested by geting informations and subjecting them to statistical analysis. The research workers used words that are largely clear and apprehensible. They did non utilize excessively many slangs in the he-man. Abbreviations like HRQOL, PLWHA and HIV/AIDS are besides clearly defined to avoid confusion. Footings besides have consistent and consistent definitions throughout the survey, particularly those operationally defined for this research ( Walonick, 2005 ) . The survey uses a cross-sectional quantitative survey with a non-experimental research design in placing the respondents ‘ degree of HRQOL in relation to their age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, and self-care schemes. It means that an experimental survey utilizing a aggregation of informations on one juncture was made with a specific group of population all at the same clip ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2003 ) . It is the appropriate method to be used as it gives a snapshot of what happens in a chosen mark group or a phenomenon at one point in clip ( Babbie, 2010 ) . It is besides fit for this research as it is normally used in societal and medical scientific discipline. However, it besides has its failing or restriction since it merely captures the information at one specific clip as opposed to longitudinal surveies which involve a series of measurings taken over a period of clip ( Babbie, 2010 ) . Bing a non-experimental research, no use of the va riables was done and there was no effort made to alter the status, behavior or the environment of the variables as they are measured and analysed as they are. The respondents were merely made to reply questionnaires that will reflect their ain personal experience and at the same clip supply informations for the research worker ‘s perusing. The topics chosen for the survey are 422 people populating with HIV/AIDS who visited eight chosen outpatient infirmaries in the state of Chiang Rai in the northern portion of Thailand. Of which, 188 are males and 234 are females, with ages runing from 21 to 51 old ages old. The figure of respondents may non be sufficient to wholly stand for the mark population in the research puting but in many fortunes, a smaller sample size may be more important and useable in look intoing a state of affairs in deepness from different positions, while a big sample would be undistinguished particularly in societal researches ( Myers, 2000 ) . The research workers employed the lottery method without replacing in indiscriminately choosing eight infirmaries out of the 17 infirmaries in the northern state of Chiang Rai, Thailand. A random sampling method was so made to find the 422 topics who will be portion of the survey. They are people populating with HIV/ AIDS who visited the eight chosen outpatient infirmaries. The usage of lottery method in concurrence with simple random trying makes the choice of respondents more effectual and valid as it ignores repeat choices of component and gives more precise calculators ( Kalton, 1983 ) . Clearly, the attack used in sample choice and the sample size are doubtless stated. The research workers were able to methodically discourse the process undertaken in informations aggregation. They used four questionnaires to garner informations from the participants: societal support questionnaires, symptom experience questionnaire, self-care schemes questionnaire and health-related quality of life questionnaires. Each of these questionnaires has been carefully chosen and drafted for the survey. The three questionnaires for societal support, self-care schemes and health-related quality were all adapted from old research while the questionnaire for symptom experience was drafted establishing on the reappraisal of literature. The cogency and dependability of the questionnaires were greatly anchored on the internal consistences used for each questionnaire. The questionnaires are meticulously reviewed by the research worker to guarantee its ability to mensurate what it intends to mensurate ( Foddy, 1993 ) . However, no reference about pilot testing was made and this ma y be considered one of the survey ‘s failings. Creswell ( 2003 ) stated that ethical issues arise most normally in informations aggregation where confidentiality and namelessness are in careful examination. These concerns are recognised and acted upon by the research workers by guaranting respondents were given due protection and their safety is non abridged. The research workers acquired the blessing of the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects and/or Use of Animals in Research, Health Science Group of Faculties, Colleges and Institutes, Chulalongkorn University, and the Ethical Review Committee for the Biomedical Group, Chiangraiprachanukroh Hospital, Thailand. With human topics involved in the survey, such blessing was obtained. The intent and methods of the survey were explained to the participants through the informed consent which acknowledges the participants ‘ rights are protected ( Creswell, 2003 ) . The consequences of the survey were presented clearly in graphical signifier and text. The consequences of the statistical intervention of the informations were explained in four concise yet extremely enlightening paragraphs while the demographics of the topics were presented in a more ocular and apprehensible tabular array ( Kumar, 2005 ) . The internal consistences of the informations, utilizing the Cronbach ‘s alpha were besides presented accurately, for societal support 0.8, for symptom experience which was clustered into six symptoms, weariness 0.88, nausea 0.92, diarrhea 0.93, depression 0.92, neuropathy 0.93 and anxiousness 0.92 ; for self-care schemes 0.77 and eventually for HRQOL 0.85. Given all these figures, readers are assured that the consequences are good calculated and analysed to guarantee that high degree of cogency and dependability is achieved. Four different and highly-structured questionnaires ( Overseas Learning Faculty 2004 ) were used in roll uping informations. The usage of questionnaires is the appropriate technique in obtaining informations for cross-sectional designed research or societal studies as it acquires first-hand information from the topics without change or use of their responses ( Bryman & A ; Bell, 2003 ) . On the other manus, SPSS and LISREL, statistical computing machine plans that perform higher computations and structural equation, were used for statistical analysis. Statistical interventions done with the said statistical tool are considered extremely right ( Norse School of Management, 2009 ) . The consequences of the information analysis show that path relationships between the variables were investigated to guarantee that important differences are non attributed to fluctuations in other relevant variables. It can besides be noted that the information analysis adequately showed the complete infor mation with the trial value, grade of freedom and chance for each identified variable, thereby giving more constituted consequences. The treatment of the research findings ties together all the pieces of the survey and gives a image of the survey as a whole. It relates and translates the figures to literature reappraisal therefore doing it more comprehendible and balanced ( Russel, 2002 ) . The research workers were able to travel back to literature and discourse that most of their research findings are consistent and similar with the plants antecedently done by other research workers on HRQOL in PLWHA. It besides tackled the deductions of the topics ‘ socio-economic position, gender, age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention, and symptom experience and self-care schemes to their health-related quality of life. The restriction of the survey was besides acknowledged where the usage of cross-sectional theoretical account was perceived to be the theoretical account ‘s failing since it merely gives a snapshot of the existent discernible fact at one point in clip ( Wood & A ; Haber, 2006 ) . Theref ore, it was suggested that future surveies should be conducted to further set up the causal relationships between the variables longitudinally over a longer period of clip to get enduring and more dependable research consequences. The decision coheres with and is supported by the consequences obtained. The research workers conclude that a causal theoretical account of HRQOL in PLWHA indicate that most factors have direct and indirect effects on the HRQOL. Consequently, age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention, symptom experience, and self-care schemes are considered to be important factors in explicating and foretelling the HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. Furthermore, self-care schemes link societal support and antiretroviral intervention with HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. The research workers besides presented the deductions of the survey which are really instrumental in the survey ‘s concluding recommendations. With the findings and decisions at manus, the research workers strongly recommend executable propositions to assist people populating with HIV/AIDS achieve a higher quality of life as they hurdle challenges of huge proportions, including HIV-stigma, deficiency of societal support, and mental wellness issues such as depression ( Jiraphongsa et al. , 2009 ) . The research workers gave motive on the publicity of societal support from the household and the community as it was found to be positively correlated with a better quality of life ( Fogel, 1998 ) . Observation to antiretroviral intervention, early symptom sensing and prompt intercession and pattern of self-care schemes must besides be ensured to accomplish a higher quality of life. The research workers besides pointed out the demand to carry on future research on this subject to get the better of the restrictions they met in carry oning this academic work for stronger and more dependable consequences. ( 2,770 words )

The Causes and Effects for College Students Essays

The Causes and Effects for College Students Essays The Causes and Effects for College Students Essay The Causes and Effects for College Students Essay Everyone in the world has a chance to experience stress, so almost everyone knows what the meaning of stress is. Most people who suffer from stress are college students because they have many things to do at the same time. Students have to balance their course work and family at the same time, and they have to leave their family problems in their home to be able to concentrate carefully on their course work. The university life has become a lot more challenging, and it’s much harder than school. I think being in college can be extremely stressful because students have to do everything by themselves. Furthermore, students have many assignments to do everyday. Therefore, students stay awake late and don’t pay attention to the class because they don’t get enough sleep. Moreover, college students in their first year usually lose or gain weight; this leads to stress. Also, most students have jobs and less time to do homework which makes them stress. An enormous amount of stress affects many academic issues; such as sleep deprivation, changes in weight, and time issues. The first effect of stress that happens for college students is sleeping problems. In addition, college students have many things to do in their day time, so they have to stay up until midnight. Therefore, if they get to sleep late, they will wake up late in the morning. According to Berit, â€Å"deprivation alone is enough to make the emotional brain behave as if an extreme danger were present† (2008, P 11). In my case, every day, I have to study for an exam or do homework for all my classes and write at least one essay. Even though I finish college at 3PM, I sometimes stay until 6pm. Therefore, I can’t sleep well at night, and if I don’t have 8 hours of sleep, I feel tired while I’m in the class, and I can’t pay attention. Some students have to study for more than one test, so they have to spend most of their time on studying, and they need to stay awake until the next day. During the exam, they feel tired, and they can’t do well on the tests. Because of stress they don’t sleep well at night. This stress affects their attention on the class. Another cause of college stress is losing or gaining weight. Sometimes students do not have time to eat because of the work they have to do. According to Scott (2008), in the article about stress for college students â€Å"Some people think that while student study for first year, some of students they lost their weight and other gain because of academic stress† (P7). As a result of not having enough proteins and energy to stay healthy, some students lose weight. For example, before I came here to study my major, my weight was 70kg, but after four months of studying here and the amount of work I had to finish, my weight has become 61kg because I don’t have time to cook, and I feel lazy, so I just eat simple foods and go to the bed. Also, my friend Abdurrahman who came with me to the U. S. , he was 73kg but until now he has gained 9kg because of the stress which caused him to eat chocolate and ice cream when he felt bad. Because of this stress, students would not be able to focus carefully because they are unhealthy, so the brain may not work like some healthy person. Therefore, the stress on college students attributes to weight loss and gain. The third cause of stress that college students deal with is time management problems. Some college students are more independent, and they have to work for themselves. Most of the students have a part time job, so they can pay for their tuitions. Thus, they have to study well in college and do well at their job simultaneously; they need more time to adapt and do well at a new job. For example, my friend John, from Washington, DC, lost his scholarship because he didn’t do well in his course, so he lost his job. He didn’t do well because he didn’t have time to study. Some students can’t manage their time between work and studying which affects them with a lot of stress. As a result, course work and employment is difficult for students which causes the stress because of the lack of time. All of these aspects can cause students to feel like they are overwhelmed. Most students use alcohol, tobacco, or drugs to relieve stress. To conclude, I think most of the university students today are facing three main major effects that have to do with sleeping, weight and time issues. College students have a lot of stress, but we have to balance our lives. Because of the stress that college students face, some students use drugs to reduce the college stress. Moreover, to reduce the stress, we have to balance the college life and social life. Being lazy is taboo in the college life. Students have to sleep early and wake up early and try as much as they can to focus in their classes. Students should budget their demands of college life and social life. Food is very important for the body to get energy and be more active because it contains all the nutrients and vitamins that we need in order for us to function correctly. We also have to balance between work and school. Everyone must study hard and balance life to be a successful person.

Slims Table Sociology Paper essays

Slims Table Sociology Paper essays An Honest Look Into The Life Of A Working Class Black Person Slims Table, written by Mitchell Duneier has been called a true stereotype buster due to its content in which it truthfully examines the lifestyles of working class black men. The book is designed to break the common misconceptions imbedded in a majority of peoples minds over how a black man lives his life and why he in a sense does what he does, thinks what he thinks, and acts the way he acts. Prior to the writing of this book by Duneier, there were many common stereotypes of a working class black man, which often caused negative attitudes towards them. Although many of them are still existent and quiet prevalent, Duneier sought to try and break these misconceptions in hopes to try and bridge the gap, which has for so long been expanding between blacks and whites. Slims Table, appears to be written in a two-fold manner, in that Duneier tries to explain and debunk two different, yet equally important ideologies that have long since been associated to the black working class. Duneier tries to show the solidarity of the black working class with the way he presents the book, however, there is an underlying tone in which he is trying to show that the black race, in particular the struggling working class, Is in no way hopelessly wrecked by the power of white privilege or racism. He tries to debunk the unfortunate and yet demoralizing caricatures that for so long have been placed upon the heads of the black working class, with such associations as poor, uneducated, unskilled and probably the most negative of all, useless. Yet, it is the manner in which he manages to bring all of this out, which is most impressing. He remains quite unassuming and appearingly non-subjective, yet he is stating his points and supporting them all the way through the bo ok. The setting for Slims Table primarily takes place in...

Building Trust

You want results! Group Work (optional): Assume it is the ? rst day on the job as the new manager of this team. Discuss what you should do. Writing Exercises (optional): Write a message to the managers of your new organization, setting expectations about the team and goals they will be working towards moving forward. Describe your leadership style and approach to the challenge. Make your message motivational. Discussion Questions: †¢ Have you ever had to build trust with a large number of people who are fundamentally different than you? What did you do? What are the advantages of disadvantages of being the boss who is feared? †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? Oral Presentations (optional): As the new manager, give an introductory speech to the managers in your organization about you an d the goals you hope to achieve. Clearly state the messages you want to convey to your direct reports. Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and his Supervisor (Sam) whose leadership philosophy is very different and thinks a manager should be feared by his people. Explain yourself and try to gain your supervisor’s trust. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should think of your team as your customers and make every effort to make their job easier. You do not want to be feared by your people and think you will be even more productive thanks to your leadership style. †¢ Background for Supervisor (Sam): You think the new manager needs to come in strong and put fear in his employees to achieve. Discuss how they will be distributed. Will you incentivize the high performers by awarding them with new headsets ? rst? Discussion Questions: †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? †¢ Is there anything Jim should do differently and how successful do you think he will be with his approach? †¢ As a manager, what are the advantages and disadvantages of seeing your team as your customers? Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and direct report (Fred) who believes everybody needs new headsets and new chairs. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should make your people more comfortable, but you are limited in budget and must make your people and Fred understand there are limits to what you can do for them. †¢ Background for Direct Report (Fred): You think everybody needs new headsets and chairs. You know the new manager is anxious to make a positive impression and you think this purchase could help. Group Work (optional): What does Jim mean by having an â€Å"early victories† when he talks about getting new headsets? What kind of a precedent does this set and how should he manage expectations for the future? 3 Building Trust | Jim Roth Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Teaching Notes Building Trust (DVD Title: Building Trust in a Large Organization) Center for Leadership Development and Research Leadership in Focus Video Segment 3 and 4: (Run Time: 2 minutes 10 seconds) Writing Exercises (optional): As the Manager, write an email to your team telling them how you want them to come to you when they have problems. You want them to understand you are there to help them, but also don’t want them to abuse this privilege. Make the message motivational. Result and Lessons Learned: Manager receives feedback from his people and sees this as a victory that he has earned their trust. To earn trust and improve performance, it is important to learn the details about your people to determine why they come to work everyday.

Black Power Movement (Nationalism) Research Paper

Black Power Movement (Nationalism) - Research Paper Example The society appeared less concerned about these issues and it dawned on majority of African Americans that nothing would come on silver plate. There was need for persistence in form of struggle, which saw some advocate for non-violent means while radical African Americans advocated for ‘all’ possible means, whichever form to reclaim African identity1. Black power movement (BPM) therefore became one of the avenues African Americans pursued their economic, political, social, and cultural recognition2. Largely based on its principles, The Black Power Movement agitated for racial pride, self-determination, economic independence, and social equality, and this was to be through creation of black political and cultural institutions. The Black Power Movement, especially the Black Nationalism is of interest to this study, and effort will be made in studying its origin, development, activities, pioneers, and also its success and failures. African American as victims of oppression African Americans’ history in USA has for a long time been bracketed with aspects of oppression, discrimination, and prejudice. African Americans, for a long time since the days of slavery, Civil War, to Civil Rights Movements, have been isolated and sidelined from the main sources of economy, political, social, and cultural aspects and as a result, African Americans identity in major American social institutions has been portrayed as of ‘strangers’. Andrew P. Smallwood observes that African American history has for a long time reflected struggle of minority people in an oppressive society struggling to win over negative social forces, which unfortunately have remained alive since the pre-slavery period all the way to post-slavery world3. According to the scholar, for a long time, African Americans have been victims of negative and prejudicial laws and social values and beliefs and as a result, African Americans’ struggle has adopted numerous alternatives of fighting these vices. In the same perspectives, Jeffrey G. Ogbar observes that for a long time, and as early as when African Americans arrived in USA, America appeared to be a country with huge cultural investment in attempts to construct and establish white supremacy. Moreover, the aim for such construction for ages has remained giving whites’ exclusive access to wide range of social, political, and economic opportunities in order to affirm Black inferiority4. It is sad to note that African Americans, in all aspects and angles of life, remained victims of incessant attacks against their humanity, which was reflected at federal, state, and local levels, and laws and customs were created and enacted, tending to push African Americans into the social doldrums of American citizenship. In an ironic gesture, Africans Americans for a long time resided in a country that prided itself and celebrated freedom, democracy, and equality, but for African Americans, life remained frustra ting and hopeless, as majority of them were excluded from major social institutions and processes. Everywhere one could move, African Americans identity had become an alien that everybody ascribed to the white supremacy was supposed to trample upon. In the media, legal, education, government, and so on, African Americans had a ‘sealed’ case-of exclusion, isolation, prejudice, mockery, and total discrimination and nothing could change this. The situation

The Organizational Behavior Principles Presentation Essay

The Organizational Behavior Principles Presentation - Essay Example The importance of this factor stems out of its determining role in the employees' job satisfaction, level of stress and interest. There are three most commonly used approaches to integration of job design: efficiency perspective, motivation perspective, and quality perspective. The efficiency perspective developed on the base of the scientific management and its primary goal is to economize on the costs of production activities. We can think about one of the aspects of the efficiency perspective, namely process engineering, as a potential tool to increase efficiency of the sales force performance. However, the efficiency perspective does not really have the positive impact on the workers' motivation and effort. Generally speaking, process engineering assesses the sequence of tasks required to produce a particular product or service and analyzes the way those tasks fit together into an integrated job. It also examines tasks to see which should be performed by people and which can possibly be automated without compromising on the performance. The motivational perspective concentrates on fitting the characteristics of jobs to the needs and interests of the people who performs them and, therefore, provides the opportunity for satisfaction at work. Although, its commonly used tools, which include vertical, horizontal, comprehensive, and sociotechnical job enrichment, are applicable to a greater extend to the manufacturing organizations, the motivational perspective may provide us with useful insights as well. We may consider allocating to the new product line sales team those sales managers who have had previous experience with new products' launches and are excited about participating in such a challenge. The quality perspective incorporates both elements of motivational and efficiency perspectives and emerged later when the total quality management began gaining popularity. Closely interconnected with the motivational theory and job design is the goal setting process. As the goal commitment and performance are positively related, the task of proper goal setting gains importance. Every company wants to rely on its workers doing "the best they can". Although such a goal is intended to guide job performance in everyday situation, research in the organizational behavior field has consistently demonstrated that instructions shaped in this way can hinder the working performance. In contrast, Wagner and Hollenbeck (2005) note that more than 100 studies support the assertion that performance is enhanced by goals that are both specific and difficult (120). Two additional elements that help in motivating the employees are feedback, so the progress can be monitored, and incentives, so the goal accomplishment takes on meaning. Therefore, the goals of the new sales team should be both specific, meaning quantified and personalized, and challenging. Moreover, following the steady evolutionary growth should be rewarded. Specific and difficult goals are especially effective when incorporated into a continuous improvement cycle in which future goals consist of reasonable increments on the fulfilled goals of the past. The aggressive but achievable goals encourage people to develop effective task strategies and sharpen their mental focus on the task. However, their major advantage is that they direct attention to specific desired results, clarifying perceptions of

Digital Cinema Review and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Digital Cinema Review and Analysis - Essay Example The effects used in Gravity are simply astonishing as they hit the viewers emotionally, spiritually, and psychologically. The director, Cuaron, has used his signature style for this movie which is the technique of using long shots. The camera and shooting techniques of the movie have greatly contributed in making it a visually appealing movie and along with that, these techniques have helped in depicting the story and the concepts of the movie pretty well. Gravity tends to be a weighty movie which means that the script had been prepared over a course of five years and the direction of the film only became possible with the new techniques of lighting, shooting, and directing which marked a new era of fictional film making. The story is about a medical researcher who is self-alienated from the community of humans and the Earth. Eventually she is put all alone in space for great stretches of time. Space is an important aspect and metaphor for the film which helps the characters to explore themselves and struggle for survival. In space, in the weightlessness, the inaction of an individual’s personality becomes a physical force. The movie shows many cocoons for survival including ships, stations, and spacesuits which challenge the stark deadliness for an unprotected human of the universe. The space aspect brings in an emotional theme where it is shown that humans can take the Earth’s environment into space in little bits and pieces but the Mother Planet has immense gravity which attracts the human to come back home. There are also physics concepts which come in this theme when the researcher is given deadly barriers to cross making her life-giving atmosphere a threat (Hughes 1). This story is between the Earth and space and in order to bring the heavy story back down to the Earth into the hearts of the audience, the director has used 90

HIV Screening for potential immigrants to Canada Essay

HIV Screening for potential immigrants to Canada - Essay Example forts in moving beyond the medical aspects of the disease trying to address the social and economic challenges and inequities that leave people vulnerable to HIV. Over the last few years, Canada has responded to the HIV/AIDS pandemic with strong strategic leadership, a generous financial commitment and, a coordinated approach to HIV programming, but are we statistically better off than previous years? And what measures did the government implement to cease its spread? After a brief discussion of the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Canada over the years, the following article will study the input of the Canadian healthcare system with regards to testing and screenings procedures, while showing the burdens of the disease on the economy and society. The developed stage of the disease AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), will be used interchangeably with the word HIV. There has generally been a continuous increase in the patients of HIV/AIDS in Canada over the years. Since the year 1985 when the reporting commenced, the number of HIV positive test reports that have been notified to PHAC till 31 December 2010 were 72,226. â€Å"At the end of 2002, an estimated 56 000 people in Canada were living with HIV infection - 12 per cent more than at the end of 1999† (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006). In the year 2005, there were nearly 57,000 patients of HIV/AIDS in Canada and just over a period of four years, a 14 per cent increase in the population of patients of HIV/AIDS was noticed in Canada with the total population in the year 2009 being 65,000. â€Å"Although estimates of the number of new HIV infections are quite uncertain, it appears that the number of new infections in 2009 (estimated range between 2,300 and 4,300) was about the same as or slightly greater than the estimated range in 2005 (2,200 to 4,200)† (actoronto.org, 2010) . In the year 2009, the number of cases of HIV positive reported were 2416 and with the total number of HIV positive cases being 2358 in

Citibank Internet Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Citibank Internet Banking - Assignment Example banks could honestly claim that Internet banking is, at last, contributing to the bottom line (Johnson, 2006). In this age when a few seconds delay is much too long, why did it take rich banks this long to do it right Which brings us to our key question: are banks finally doing the "right" things "right" Our experiment called for an evaluation of how basic marketing principles and the Internet were combined to produce a successful Internet Banking customer experience. Our findings will show if Citibank U.K. have done their homework, matching strategic vision with real customer needs. In the case of internet banking, this involves the attainment of near-frictionless commerce, allowing customers to connect to the bank and do business anytime and from anywhere, with speed and convenience, and hopefully with each transaction generating value for the customer and a tidy profit for the bank. White and Nteli (2004) in their article's title asked an embarrassing question: some ten years after the hype began, "why are there not enough customers" The estimated millions of customers and the billions in profits were not there. Since then, studies by Datamonitor (2004) and Deutsche Bank (2006) showed that of the U.K.'s 60 million population, an estimated 15 million or 25% regularly do banking transactions on the Internet. Offhand quite an impressive figure, but considering that 80% of households in the U.K. had multiple bank accounts (Cruikshank, 2000), and 40-50% of account holders in Sweden and Finland do internet banking (Deutsche Bank, 2006) - of course, there are only 14 million Swedes and Finns on earth - market penetration remains an issue that point to internet banking's huge, promising, and untapped potential. This essay tries to unravel the mystery with a critical analysis of the internet banking capability of Citibank U.K. But before doing so, we briefly look at the findings of White and Nteli and other academics, and explain our basic method of primary research. A Problem of Banking or Marketing White and Nteli (2004) argued that internet banking is not bringing in the expected numbers because of marketing issues related to five service quality attributes: credibility, security, product variety/diversity, responsiveness, and ease of use. They identified two customer clusters with different priorities: traditional customers with security and credibility concerns, and non-traditional customers focused on ease of use and responsiveness. Both customer clusters gave banks low scores on product variety/diversity, making the authors conclude that this is a potential source of competitive advantage. As White and Nteli (2004) and Kotler and Armstrong (2005) emphasised, systematic application of marketing principles continue to be an important weapon in the banking industry's arsenal, especially in this age of intense global competition. Marketing enables the bank to create value that would attract customers, engaging and retaining them into a long-lasting and profitable relationship. Especially in this age when shopping for value could be done 24/7 at the click of a mouse, banks are pressured to minimise churn whilst maximising customer profitability. Several studies (Stevens, 2006; Wisskirchen, Vater, Wright, De Backer, and Detrick, 2006) show that churn or customer defection rates in key U.K. consumer industries increased from 16.9 percent in 2003 to 19.1 percent in 2005 and

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 23

Project management - Essay Example Project planning and budgeting helps project managers to take pro-active measures to avoid some of the risks that emerge from the external and internal environment that surrounds the contractors (Kerzner, 2013). Project planning is an iterative process. Tasks undertaken are interdependent of each other; hence, failure of a subsystem affects the whole systems. Project planning rescues the project team from unforeseen circumstances due the high uncertainty that is with a majority of projects. The first stage of the project plan is identifying the goals of the project. In the stage, beneficiaries of the project are identified and the stakeholders. Their needs are so that the project is designed to meet them. A schedule is then developed to establish the amount of time and resources that will be. A budget of the resources necessary is prepared to determine the cost of executing the project. Additionally, a Human Resource plan is also developed to determine the skills that will be needed to accomplish the mission. Furthermore, a communication plan is outlined indicating how progress of work will be. Lastly, a risk management plan is created to provide measures that can be taken to shield activit y from interference (Turner, 2014). Mode Sante, a company, based in France launched an ambitious plan of constructing ultra modern leisure complexes. The company outsourced for contractor through a competitive bidding process who were supposed to build one of the facilities in Uxbridge. With a capital as a constraint, the new Active Being Complex had to be built according to the specifications provided with the minimum cost possible. A capital amount of  £300,000 had to be allocated prudently towards installation of a new IT infrastructure, security system, music and public address systems and other amenities that were to be in the new building. Interestingly, an old building that had been left

Citibank Internet Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Citibank Internet Banking - Assignment Example banks could honestly claim that Internet banking is, at last, contributing to the bottom line (Johnson, 2006). In this age when a few seconds delay is much too long, why did it take rich banks this long to do it right Which brings us to our key question: are banks finally doing the "right" things "right" Our experiment called for an evaluation of how basic marketing principles and the Internet were combined to produce a successful Internet Banking customer experience. Our findings will show if Citibank U.K. have done their homework, matching strategic vision with real customer needs. In the case of internet banking, this involves the attainment of near-frictionless commerce, allowing customers to connect to the bank and do business anytime and from anywhere, with speed and convenience, and hopefully with each transaction generating value for the customer and a tidy profit for the bank. White and Nteli (2004) in their article's title asked an embarrassing question: some ten years after the hype began, "why are there not enough customers" The estimated millions of customers and the billions in profits were not there. Since then, studies by Datamonitor (2004) and Deutsche Bank (2006) showed that of the U.K.'s 60 million population, an estimated 15 million or 25% regularly do banking transactions on the Internet. Offhand quite an impressive figure, but considering that 80% of households in the U.K. had multiple bank accounts (Cruikshank, 2000), and 40-50% of account holders in Sweden and Finland do internet banking (Deutsche Bank, 2006) - of course, there are only 14 million Swedes and Finns on earth - market penetration remains an issue that point to internet banking's huge, promising, and untapped potential. This essay tries to unravel the mystery with a critical analysis of the internet banking capability of Citibank U.K. But before doing so, we briefly look at the findings of White and Nteli and other academics, and explain our basic method of primary research. A Problem of Banking or Marketing White and Nteli (2004) argued that internet banking is not bringing in the expected numbers because of marketing issues related to five service quality attributes: credibility, security, product variety/diversity, responsiveness, and ease of use. They identified two customer clusters with different priorities: traditional customers with security and credibility concerns, and non-traditional customers focused on ease of use and responsiveness. Both customer clusters gave banks low scores on product variety/diversity, making the authors conclude that this is a potential source of competitive advantage. As White and Nteli (2004) and Kotler and Armstrong (2005) emphasised, systematic application of marketing principles continue to be an important weapon in the banking industry's arsenal, especially in this age of intense global competition. Marketing enables the bank to create value that would attract customers, engaging and retaining them into a long-lasting and profitable relationship. Especially in this age when shopping for value could be done 24/7 at the click of a mouse, banks are pressured to minimise churn whilst maximising customer profitability. Several studies (Stevens, 2006; Wisskirchen, Vater, Wright, De Backer, and Detrick, 2006) show that churn or customer defection rates in key U.K. consumer industries increased from 16.9 percent in 2003 to 19.1 percent in 2005 and

Anti Tobacco and No-Smoking Essay Example for Free

Anti Tobacco and No-Smoking Essay When you smoke or use smokeless tobacco, your risk of oral cancer goes through the roof. In fact, tobacco use accounts for most oral cancers. Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes; using chewing tobacco; and dipping snuff are all linked to oral cancer. Heavy smokers who use tobacco for a long time are most at risk. The risk increases for tobacco users who drink alcohol heavily. Even the slickest of tobacco executives cant deny the statistics. The bottom lineis that three out of four oral cancers occur in people who use alcohol or tobacco, or both alcohol and tobacco. 1 Tobacco in any form is the enemy of good dental health. This is serious business–dont wait. Schedule a checkup and cleaning with the dentist or hygienist. It’s not an option—dental examinations that include a screening for oral cancer save lives. Oral cancer screening that is part of a dental checkup catches oral cancer early. As with most cancers, the earlier oral cancer is detected, the better a person’s chances for survival! 2 The laundry list of problems associated with smokeless tobacco is long enough—bad breath, stained teeth, loss of taste and smell, mouth (canker) sores, failure of dental implants, and oral cancer. Yet smoking and chewing tobacco are also the main suspects in gum recession, bone loss, and tooth loss associated with periodontal (gum) disease. Smokers who smoke less than a half a pack of cigarettes per day are almost three times more likely than nonsmokers to have periodontitis, according to a study by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3 Now that we have your full attention, we’d like you to check the warning signs of oral disease: * Bleeding gums during brushing * Red, swollen, or tender gums Gums that have pulled away from the teeth * Persistent bad breath * Pus between the teeth and gums * Loose or separating teeth * A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite4 The theme of Dental Hygiene Month 2012 is Keep them healthy. Keep them clean. It highlights easy ways to fit first-rate oral health into an active and busy life. If you are thinking about quitting smokeless tobacco or smoking, you’ve actually taken a step toward keeping your mouth clean and healthy by reading this article! If you want to have a confidential chat with a trained professional about taking tobacco out of the picture,  you’re only a click away. You are young, strong, and able! Don’t give  smokeless tobacco  or cigarettes an inch, or they will take your smile. Celebrate Dental Hygiene Month or take action for healthy teeth and gums at any time by making your appointment for a check | Images of some people suffering from different diseases caused due to eating tobacco or smoking – | | | | | | | Stop eating tobacco and smoking†¦. Thank you

Behaviourist and Humanist Approaches to Learning

Behaviourist and Humanist Approaches to Learning The means and style by which material is delivered to a learner depends upon a number of factors, not least of which are the traditions of the environment in which they are being presented. The aim of this essay is to explore both behaviourist and humanist approaches to learning and whether there is a place for the latter in a military environment. The behaviourist approach to learning is traditionally used in both military and school environments: it was the main theory from the 1940s to the 1970s. The ideas that give it its foundation are the experiments that were conducted by Ivan Pavlov; these experiments enabled him to influence the behaviour of dogs with the use of external stimuli – an example of this is salivation at the sound of a bell in anticipation of the arrival of food. This was labelled ‘Classical Conditioning’. It was argued that this sort of conditioning plays a big part in human learning, particularly with regard to physiological functioning (i.e. salivation at the sound of a bell) or emotion (i.e. fears and phobias). James Watson embraced these ideas and was the first to use the term ‘behaviourism’. He believed that it was vital, in order to understand human behaviour and therefore learning, for one to adopt a scientifically measurable approach. He argued that all human behaviour is governed by conditioned responses and as such can be controlled and modified to suit any given purpose. He even went as far as to say that he could train any child to fulfil any job in society as long as he was healthy, as he believed that â€Å" there is nothing from within to develop† (1928). Both Watson and Pavlov thought â€Å"that the simultaneous occurrence of events is sufficient to bring about learning† and is â€Å"ordinarily referred to as the contiguity explanation† (Lefrancois 1994). In other words, the sound of a bell will induce salivation in dogs in anticipation of receiving food, once one is associated with the other; the salivation will occur at the sound of a bell after a while, even if there is no food given to the animal. Thorndike saw this in a different way believing that the effect of the response led learning to occur (termed the Law of Effect). He argued that a learner would repeat responses that brought positive results and that behaviour would be modified through a process of trial and error. This idea is what is known as the reinforcement approach which was further developed by B.F.Skinner. He stated that when reinforcement of any response occurs, it will be repeated and that this can enable control to be gained over people. These r einforcements can either be positive or negative – reward or punishment. He fully explored the relationship between responses and reinforcement and concluded that reinforcement brought about learning. This view is referred to as operant conditioning. Skinner contended that for learning to be effective it needed to be tackled in small stages, it needed to be logical/sequential, it needed to be based on prior knowledge, that the desired behaviour needed to be rewarded regularly in the initial stages and that reinforcement of the required or desired behaviour should happen immediately that it occurs. â€Å"†¦Skinner urges educators to focus on reinforcing student success rather than punishing student failure† and that â€Å"†¦reinforcement for appropriate responses is consistent and immediate, and learned behaviours are maintained by intermittent reinforcement schedules† (Ormrod 2004). As we can see, there is no place for feelings and individual thoughts in behaviourist theory. It is only concerned with what can be observed and it contends that evidence gathered through experiments indicates that there are a number of principles which can be applied to learning and that if these were adopted, the process would be made easier. They are the Law of Effect, the Law of Contiguity, the Law of Exercise (repeating an action or behaviour) and the Law of Reinforcement. The problem with this is that behaviourism provides only a very limited and mechanistic or mechanical way of looking at the process of learning, which is far too simple. It takes little to no account of the learner as an individual and assumes that the learner is passive and has no exercise of free will; it does not allow for differences in individuals and it can be manipulative if the provider wishes to use it in this way. By contrast, humanist thinkers such as Maslow and Rogers asked themselves what is it that makes us human. They approached their studies from a completely different angle and looked upon humanity as innately positive, as opposed to previous ideas which apparently painted life in a very dower and pessimistic manner. Rather than concentrating their studies on those who are suffering form illness, they looked at the behaviour of healthy people –â€Å"when you select out for careful study very fine and healthy people†¦you get a very different view of mankind† (Maslow 1971). The humanist approach encourages people to exercise free will in their lives, allowing them to be individuals in their own right and to highlight everything that is positive about them. This enables any given individual to have the opportunity to achieve their maximum possible potential in whatever they choose to do. They contend that purely scientific methods of studying behaviour are inadequate in assessing any human being (Chapter 6 The Humanistic Approach). Maslow presented his studies in the form of a ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ which indicates that all humans work towards satisfying or attaining their perceived needs â€Å"as a ladder of human achievement that must be climbed† (Trigg 2004). This is laid out in the form of a pyramid with each type of need building from the other while being closely interwoven with each other. At the base is the Physiological type which includes basic needs like air, food, water, shelter and sleep; the next type is Safety or Security which is concerned with stability and a feeling of being protected from harm; this leads on to the type which encompasses Belonging and Love which covers relationships with our family and our peers; the fourth level is that of Esteem which deals with issues of achievement, recognition and respect. Maslow separated these and grouped them together and termed them ‘deficiency needs’ or ‘D-motives’ stressing that a lack of fulfilment in an area will cause a person to act to remedy the problem. He felt that the pyramid was the best way to represent this system as people seemed to challenge themselves to achieve and work their way through the types to achieve their full potential; their motivation was to get better and reach their needs leading onto the next level, similar to the way in which a person who is learning a musical instrument will strive hard to achieve the next grade or a computer gamer will keep trying until he achieves the next level. The final type of needs are called ‘growth needs’, ‘being needs’ or ‘B-motives’ by Maslow. Once the initial needs described above are met, the need for the development within the individual becomes the prime driving force. This is described as Self Actualisation within the pyramid: subsequent versions of the hierarchy included more complex subdivisions within this type of need which serve to break down the areas of personal achievement into smaller categories. Maslow (1968) describes this growth as â€Å"†¦a rewarding and exciting process†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which continues to increase as the person develops throughout their life. Rogers holds similar views to Maslow when looking at the concept of self actualisation. He believes that humans are able to push themselves to achieve their full potential and that each and every person is unique in their ideas about themselves. They hold their own image of themselves in their minds in terms of how they see themselves, how much value they perceive themselves as having and how they would like to develop in the future. â€Å"Whether one calls it a growth tendency, a drive towards self-actualisation, or a forward-moving directional tendency, it is the mainspring of life†¦ it is the urge to expand, extend, become autonomous, develop, mature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rogers 1961). He believed that every individual has the ability to solve their own problems and that his role as a therapist was one of being some kind of ‘facilitator’ to aid the individuals thought processes and progress towards resolving their issues. Each ‘facilitator’ needs to displa y honesty, empathy and respect towards those whom he is trying to help. This environment is controlled by the individual who is being helped and Rogers believed that this was the only environment in which genuine learning could take place. Rogers went on to apply these principles to education. ‘Student centred learning’ enables individuals to take responsibility for their learning; the way that the teacher interacts with their class is crucial in the development of an environment that will encourage learning to take place: â€Å"†¦the facilitation of learning rests upon certain attitudinal qualities which exist in the personal relationship between the facilitator and learner† (Rogers 1969). They need to ensure that there are sufficient resources in place to aid the students, that they themselves are prepared to be a living resource and that they are prepared to act as a learner themselves within the classroom. As an idea, this is an alien concept to many teachers, even today. The idea of not being at the head of the class, dictating the direction that the learning is taking is frightening to a good number of educators. The traditional approach to teaching is being firmly challenged here with me mbers of the profession being asked to look at their methods, critically appraise them and react accordingly. The focus in this environment is the student not the teacher and it is â€Å"a system of providing learning which has the student at its heart† (Brandes and Ginnis 1986). Rogers (1984) sums this supportive environment up by commenting that â€Å"person centred education is much like my rose garden – it needs a caring environment to sustain its beauty.† This sort of approach in the classroom can be very effective as long as both the staff and the pupils enter into the process wholeheartedly. There are many different activities that can focus on the student as an individual in order to allow them to develop and grow as individuals and learn from each other. Initially it is important for the group to set out ground rules so that every individual is aware of how the process works and to ensure that all of the group feel comfortable with the approach that is being taken. These ground rules can include things like not interrupting or talking over the top of someone when they are speaking, thus encouraging every individual to have respect for the others. Once the group have agreed to these ground rules, every activity can be approached with individuals having the same expectations of each other. It is important to note that if there are any new arrivals to the group, these need revisiting to ensure that the newcomer also feels a sense of ownership for them. Group activities where everyone has the opportunity to learn are extremely valuable; examples that I have used are mind mapping (brainstorming), problem solving, open discussion and the circle. The great strength of the circle is that everyone can see and hear everyone else; each person, including the facilitator is on the same level and can physically be regarded as being the same – a listener and a learner. The topic of discussion or the theme that is being addressed can then be opened up to the group; each person has the opportunity to speak if they wish to, with the way that this is organised being decided prior to the circle forming. Sometimes hands up can be used, at other times one person in the group can be placed as a chairperson or even a pencil case or ruler could be passed from the person who is speaking to the next person to speak. This way of organising the group allows each person to feel that they can contribute if they wish to and quieter people can also be in volved by the facilitator in order to broaden their horizons. It also encourages students to listen to and take notice of the views of others even if they ultimately reject them as not being for them. It encourages people to be open with each other without fear of being laughed at, shouted down or humiliated because of what they think or say. It does take a while to get used to this system of learning but it has huge benefits for all those who are open to it. It allows the student to appreciate and develop their own views through consideration of others, broadening their outlook in the process. I have heard the expression ‘Oh, I hadn’t thought of it like that’ during circle time on many occasions. Circle time can also be used to feedback from small group discussions and research that has been undertaken outside the classroom. Role plays are another excellent way of finding out what a small group have understood about a particular topic, through the content of their offering to the rest of the class. Not only does this allow the students to express themselves in their own way but it also encourages different styles of learners to flourish in the classroom and further encourages students to learn from one another. Clearly the teacher or facilitator needs to be comfortable with this process as it is taking place and retain their authority within the classroom. This is a difficult balance to find and is one which some people find it almost impossible to do. Within the traditional school environment this sort of approach is unheard of due to the seemingly unstructured and undisciplined way of tackling any work. Military establishments may have the same views due to the highly disciplined nature of what the soldiers are trained to do. However, the question remains as to whether this sort of humanistic approach can work in that environment. It would seem that whether the approach would work would depend upon the nature of what the learner was attempting to learn and where he is attempting to learn it. The military have traditionally relied upon the behaviourist model as it best suits their purpose. The instructors can employ both positive and negative reinforcement to train the soldiers to do what they have to in the field of battle or ‘theatre of war’. Soldiers do not have time to think about how to reload a weapon or whether it is right to fire when they are in the middle of a battle zone. The way that they are taught reflects the arena in which they will have to perform their set tasks; reloading a weapon today is far easier than it was in the days of muskets, but soldiers still have to be disciplined and keep their heads in difficult pressurised situations. Being taught in a mechanised fashion will help them as tasks will become second nature due to the consistent repetition that has taken place on the training ground. My father could still tell me how to strip down, clean, oil and rebuild his weapon in every detail some 20 years after having left the armed forces. This can also be said of manoeuvres that are vital to the survival of a unit of men. They are ‘drummed’ into the minds of the soldiers so that they are become an automatic reaction to a given stimulus. This could ultimately save their lives and the lives of those around them. An example of this is the reaction to a very loud bang in a public house one day while I was enjoying a drink with my two brothers in law, both then in the Army; they had just returned from Northern Ireland when this incident happened. The loud bang went off and I looked around to find them both on the floor tight up against the skirting boards on opposite sides of the room. This was a conditioned response to the loud bang and was as a result of their extensive survival and battle training. Much of military training cannot afford to co ncern itself with the individual needs of each of the soldiers – it must simplify the learning so that the whole reacts (as far as possible) in a predicable way. In short, when an order is given it is obeyed immediately, without fail. There would however seem to be a place for the humanistic approach within the modern military environment too. Within the confines of a classroom, when conducting classes which are concerned with basic skills such as literacy, numeracy and IT there may well be an opportunity to utilise this type of learning strategy. Everyone likes their opinion to be taken notice of, to feel that they are contributing and to be listened to. Those who are undertaking officer training are required to problem solve – this can be done using this different approach and will allow the learner to express themselves as they are doing so. Individuals need to be given the opportunity to develop themselves to the best of their ability and this needs to be facilitated in all environments of learning, including the military. There is a place for freedom of expression, in the right place at the right time. It would seem that there would need to be strong leadership in order that these sorts of methods coul d be introduced and continue to be used in a military environment, as their implementation would involve a change in long held and established practises. There also needs to be an acknowledgement â€Å"that traditional training approaches, which place an emphasis on replication or imitative learning, are unsuited to fostering the longer term individual and organisational development outcomes required by a significantly changed operational environment† (Thomas 2006). Catering for the individual strengths and needs of individual soldiers can foster a greater sense of loyalty in them and an even greater motivation to succeed not only for themselves but their fellow men. This is particularly important in this rapidly changing modern technological world. In the modern military environment, there would seem to be a place for both the traditional behaviourist and the humanist approaches to learning. Given that all those involved understand that certain situations require different methods of teaching to be employed and accept that from the outset, there is no reason why both cannot be employed. All soldiers understand the need to obey orders and that certain tasks will need to be done like an automaton in order for them to be successful in what they do. It is essential that there is also an acknowledgement that there is a place for people to want to achieve the best that they can within their environment as an individual, as well as for the collective. As Rogers (1980) explains â€Å"the actualising tendency can be thwarted or warped, but cannot be destroyed without destroying the organism.† It is also important to note that â€Å"†¦with this self-actualisation, individuals can engender life long learning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ki el 1999). There are many differing ways that people learn and it is up to different organisations to adopt the method or methods that are best suited to bring them success in their field. That does not negate the need however, for all providers to reflect upon and modify their methods to best effect from time to time. The military have hundreds of years to tradition to fall back on, but need to ‘move with the times’ and accept that the humanist approach in certain areas of their educational provision can be of benefit to both individuals and the military as a whole. Bibliography Chapter 6 The Humanistic Approach Brandes, D. Ginnis, P. 1986 A Guide to Student-Centred Learning Oxford: Basil Blackwood Lefrancois, G.R. 1994 from Tutor notes Behaviourist Theories of Learning Maslow, A. 1971 The Farther Reaches of Human Nature New York: Viking Maslow, A. 1968 Towards a Psychology of Being (2nd Ed) New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold Ormrod, J.E. 2004 Human Learning (4th Ed) from Tutor notes Behaviourist Theories of Learning Rogers, C.R.R. 1961 On Becoming a Person Boston: Houghton Mifflin Rogers, C.R.R. 1969 Freedom to Learn Columbus, Ohio: Charles E Merrill Publishing Rogers, C.R.R. 1980 A Way of Being Boston: Houghton Mifflin Watson, J.B. 1928 The Psychological Care of Infant and Child from Tutor notes Behaviourist Theories of Learning Rogers, C.R.R. 1984 from Frieberg, H.J. 1999 Perceiving, Behaving, Becoming: Lessons Learned Alexandria Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development Kiel, J.M. 1999 Reshaping Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to Reflect Todays Educational and Managerial Philosophies Journal of Instructional Psychology, Vol. 26 Thomas, K 2006 Leadership Development in the Military: Bridging Theory and Practice International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 6(2-4) Trigg, A.B. 2004 Deriving the Engel Curve: Pierre Bordieu and the Social Critique of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Review of Social Economy, Vol.62