Problems with Digital Imaging :: Photogpahy Images Pictures Essays

Problems with Digital ImagingA read is worth a thousand words, Barnard, 1921. A critical occasion of images is for communications1. Images convey details and illustrate a specific scene in ways words could never do. People navigate the world primarily by means of sight, we can garner a great deal of information from just a glance. For hundreds of years, man made images, images created for a purpose to either illustrate a scene or capture a moment were done in the forms of paintings. These were basic to start, but improved with each passing year. Not too yen after, there were a multitude of art styles, paintings whos images were distorted, and strange, like those of Monet, and Picasso, but their purpose was not to capture the image as it were, but as they power saw it, those painters were trying to show their audience a new way of looking at things. Photography entered the scene around the early 1800s, the first successful picture was produced in 1827 by Niepce2. Photogr aphs historically have not been treated with the same attitude as paintings. Photographs are regarded as snapshots in time, faithfully recreating with unbiased wariness to every detail in the scene, credible enough to be admissible as evidence in court. Fast forward to modern times, and with the advent of computers and digital imaging, the artistic expression of paintings has been merged with the unbiased realism of photographs to create realistic artistic expressions. No longer are artists limited to having to create images from scratch victimisation their bare hands, and no longer are photographers limited to images only capture-able in the real world. But with great power, comes great responsibility, this is not a technology which should be taken lightly. Unchecked it would lead to mischief. Suffocate the technology, and you could be infringing on peoples right to free speech and artistic expression.Already the use of digital imaging has created great controversy. Ford M otor Company is in hot water over a series of television commercials depicting animals being maltreated by the advertised car, most notably one of a cat being decapitated with the sunroof of a hatchback3. The adult entertainment industry is unremarkably always on the fore front of technology, and no doubt, always under fire for their use of technology. In this case, the use of digital imaging to create imitation child pornography.

The 1920s Essay -- essays research papers fc

The 1920sThe 1920s where a time of conservatism, it was a time of great social change. From the world of fashion to the world to politics, forces clashed to produce the most detonative decade of the century.The eighteenth Amendment was passed in 1920, which made alcohol illegal. It was called the Prohibition Amendment. This was known as the Noble Experiment. All importing, exporting, selling, human beingufacturing and transporting of alcohol were illegal. The older people fortunate this amendment. They felt that alcohol was bad because of the substance people behaved after drinking. People thought that crime, death rates and poverty would decrease now because alcohol was illegal. The young generation did not like this amendment. Many people did not really listen to the law. The law actually increased the amount of people drinking alcohol. any(prenominal) people would try and make alcohol in their own homes. This was called bathtub gin. Alcohol would be smuggled from Canada duri ng the twenties (Microsoft Encarta, 1999). Saloons that used to serve strong drink were now called speak-easies. Instead of reducing the crimes rates, crime was actually greater. Organized crime was developed because of Prohibition. Sometimes police were bribed and went along with what was going on and would not do anything. The death rates were much higher than before. Prohibition destroyed legal jobs, created black-market violence, diverted resources from enforcement of other laws and increased prices people had to pay for prohibited goods (Thorton, comment 1991). Al Capone was one of the most powerful bootleggers in Chicago, there were many gangs rivales due to prohibition the people who were bootlegging became wealthy because many people valued alcohol.In the 1920s, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed, which gave women the right to vote. During this decade women became strong and more independent. Women were accomplishing a lot more than they had before. Women started going t o college so she could earn her own living. More women started going the home and working at a factory or as a secretary. Women were discriminated at the work place. They received lower wages then man did. In the 1920s, the term flapper was introduced. It was first used in Britain after World War 1. Young women were labeled as flappers who wore makeup shorter skirts. Fl... ...hat followed, forty billion dollars were lost. The outstanding Depression had started. The 1920s was a decade that changes American life. Frederick Lewis Allen describes the twenties as a revolution in manners and morals. The twenties has been named all types of nicknames, such as The Roaring Twenties, The Era of Wonderful Nonsense, The Decade of the Dollar, The Period of the Psyche, Dry Decade and the age of Alcohol and Al Capone (Gales Research, 1998). During the twenties, the way Americans lived had changed. The 1920s was a time in history that has been remembered for its great prosperity but also for it s great loss. The Great Depression is what ended the Roaring Twenties. working CitedGales Research. 1998.Microsoft Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft, 1999.Movies, Music, and Sports of the 1920s. 9 March. 2003 http//www.albany.edu/The Roaring Twenties Hitchhikers Guide- lectures with links and Photos H102Lecture 09. 9 March. 2003 http//evip.fresno.com/Thorton, Mark. Policy Analysis Alcohol Prohibition Was a Failure. July 17, 1991. Online. Netscape. 23 April 1998

Race and Class in Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay -- Color Purple Es

Essay on Race and Class in The glossary Purple An importantjuncture in Alice Walkers The Color Purple is reached whenCelie first recovers the lacking(p) letters from her long-lost sister Nettie.This discovery not only signals the introduction of a new narrator to thisepistolary novel but also begins the transformation of Celie from writer toreader. Indeed, the passage in which Celie struggles to puzzle out themarkings on her first envelope from Nettie provides a concrete illustrationof both Celies particular horizon of interpretation and Walkers chosenapproach to the epistolary formSaturday morning Shug put Nettie letter in my lap. Little fat queen ofEngland stamps on it, plus stamps that got peanuts, coconuts, rubber treesand say Africa. I dont know where England at. Dont know where Africa ateither. So I stir dont know where Nettie at. (102)Revealing Celies ignorance of even the most rudimentary outlines of thelarger world, this passage clearly defines the internal site she oc cupiesas the novels main narrator.(1) In particular, the difficulty Celie hasinterpreting this envelope underscores her tendency to understand events interms of personal consequences rather than political categories. Whatmatters ab... .... 99-111.Shelton, open W. Alienation and Integration in Alice Walkers The Color Purple. CLA Journal 28 (1985) 382-92.Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Explanation and Culture Marginalia. Humanities and Society 2 (1974) 201-21.Stade, George. Womanist Fiction and Male Characters. Partisan brush up 52 (1985) 264-70.Tate, Claudia. Domestic Allegories of Political Desire The Black Heroines Text at the Turn of the Century. New York Oxford UP, 1992.Tompkins, Jane. Sensational Designs The Cultural Work of American Fiction. New York Oxford UP, 1985.Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. New York Harcourt, 1982.

Death Penalty :: essays research papers

DEATH PENALTY The remnant penalty has been a staple in the justice system of Americasince its inception. Though very controversial, it has stood the leaven of time asthe ultimate punishment. Many countries are currently abolishing their devastationpenalty practice. America, on the other hand, has thirty-eight of fifty stateswith laws regarding the demise penalty. It seems the United States requires thedeath penalty more than ever due to the increased rate of violent crime. Since 19 ninety more than three hundred fifty people contrive been put to deathwith another three thousand three hundred in the waiting on death row. On alarger scale, since nineteen seventy-six five hundred fifty-two executions consideroccurred in the United States, the breakdown is as follows three hundredninety-four by lethal injection, superstar hundred forty-one by electrocution, elevenby gas chamber, three by hanging, and two by firing squad. Half of the post-nineteen seventy-six executions have occu rred within the last five years,including fifty-two so far this year. Although the death penalty has broughtmany viscous criminals to a fitting end, the process by which the deathpenalty is based upon is an inconsistent one. The system of tangled appeals,court orders, and last minute pardons has rendered the entire systemineffective. As displayed by the swelling of the stagnant crime syndicate of death rowinmates, criminals are not deterred by the punishment. An evil deed is notredeemed by an evil deed of retaliation. Justice is never right in thetaking of human life. Morality is never upheld by legalized murder. Many loopholes exist in the structure of the death penalty. Theoutcome of the case is decided by the quality of the lawyer defending theaccused. Many criminals cannot afford a competent lawyer, resulting in agreater chance of that particular person being issued the death penalty, asopposed to life in prison. A fine line separates these two charges, and adefendant who can afford a competent lawyer stands less of a chance of beingassigned the death penalty than one who cannot. Also studies show that theapplication of the death penalty is racial biased. The amount of money of violentcrimes are split almost equally between the white and black ethnic groups. Since nineteen seventy-seven eighty-two percent of the criminals assigned thedeath penalty have committed the crime in question against a Caucasian. Another glaring defect of the structure of the death penalty system in Americaare the laws regarding the sentencing of criminals under the age of eighteen. Minors can be sentenced to death in twenty-four states.

Economic Integration of the Baltic Sea Region and the Passenger Traffic Issues :: Europe Airlines Economics Economy Essays

Economic Integration of the Baltic Sea Region and the Passenger Traffic IssuesTable of contentI. Introduction 2II. Goals of Economic Integration 2III. VASAB 2010 3IV. resund vs. Helsinki - Tallinn Link 4V. Aviation Development in Scandinavia 7VI. remainder 10VII. Works Cited 11 I. Introduction Economic integration is not an easy task. This is clearly evident by its nature, and even more so a problem in the Baltic region where there have been so many political changes in recent history. We have seen the formation of three impudently re-independent states, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. East and West Germany have been reunited to form a new nation. The communist governments of the former Soviet Bloc have been replaced by democracy. These changes have made economical integration not only more difficult, but also to some degree more necessary.

Compare contrast essay Essay

Novelist capital of Minnesota Sheldon has plans to make the difficult transition from writing historical romances featuring heroine Misery Chastain to publishing literary fiction. Annie Wilkes, Sheldons number one fan, rescues the author from the stroke of a car accident. The former nurse takes care of him in her remote house, but becomes irate when she disc all overs that the author has killed Misery off in his latest book. Annie keeps Sheldon captive while forcing him to write a book that brings Misery back to life.Compare & Contrast EssayA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner & Misery by Stephen mightinessIve chosen to compare & contrast A Rose for Emily By William Faulkner with Misery By Stephen King, Obsessive wowork force, broken ankles, trapped men & Suspenseful outcomes both(prenominal) of these stories have a lot in common.In Stephen Kings Misery A Famous Novelist named Paul Sheldon is transitioning his writing from Romance to Fiction. While on his way to Colorado from hi s winter hide away he is in a horrific car accident brought on by the harsh withstand conditions. Thankfully the writers number one fan and former nurse Annie Wilkes lived nearby and saved Paul from freezing todeath. Annie Wilkes just like shed Emily Grierson lived isolated and away from the world, though cast off Emily lived in the town & Annie Wilkes didnt Miss Emily Isolated herself socially by not leaving her home nor enterprise the door when people of the town came by. Annie However, actually lived in an isolated cabin in the mountains.In A Rose for Emily people of the town feel racy for her because afterwards losing her father (page 207 she was sick for a long time), But not long after they began seeing her with a gentle man named Homer Barran. A construction worker who had come into town to pave the sidewalks. After a year of being with Homer the towns folk began saying they would marry even though Homer claimed to like men (page 209, He was not a marrying man). One eve ning afterending their relationship Homer went to see Miss Emily using rat poison she killed him and let everyone believe he left and went on with his life while she hid his remains. Annie Wilkes didnt kill Paul Sheldon, but took advantage of the feature that he had been put in critical condition due to the car accident she removed him from. For weeks she held him captive until he gave her favorite novel the proper ending it deserved. After noticing his several, sneaky attempts to escape Annie straps Paul to the bed and cripples him by breaking both his ankles with a sledge hammer. Both of these women felt the need to keep these men hidden, trapped, and injured so they may stay with them forever.Miss Emily trapped Homer in death to stay with her since he had no interest in marrying her. In Misery Prior to having his ankles broken Paul finds newspaper clippings of previous victims of Annie where she was never convicted, He then realizes he may be next on her list. curtly after cr ippling Paul an officer drops by to see if Annie was aware that Novelist Paul Sheldon was missing and they were searching for him. Paul hears the officer and yells for help when Annie hears his screams she kills the officer and Paul is left once more to black market her gruesome punishment. Neither one of the men could predict what was going to happen to them, but Homer didnt endure being tortured nor was he held captive for weeks. In A Rose for Emily Miss Emily was never caught nor suspected for thedisappearance of Homer. After the death of Miss Emily and after her services the town folk were curious to see the inside of her home. (page 211, there was one room that no one had seen in forty years, and which would have to be forced). After entering the room they noticed mens toiletries, suits, ties and a pair of shoes even more so they noticed the man in her bed, His well over rotten body lay there in a shadowshirt and next to him they could see where Miss Emily would lay beside hi m every night after his death.Unlike Miss Emily Annie didnt get away with what she did to Paul, after killing the officer Paul tricks her into buying Champagne and cigars to celebrate the return of Misery, while setting up for their night of celebration Paul lights the re-written novel on fire and throws it. Annie begins to put out the flame when Paul slams his typewriter on the top of her head and shoves pieces of the burned novel pages into her mouth, she then dies of a fractured skull. Sometime after Paul is rescued by police. Both of these stories where great and though they are in different settings the characters shared similar physiological problems and depression. I think if both of these women met and could ever be in the same story there would be gory, suspenseful, torturing of men. I would like to read a book where Stephen King and William Faulkner write a story sharing both their ideas, I think it would be very interesting, thrilling and great to read.

Racism: African American Races Essay

A social problem is a condition that at least some people in a community view as being undesirable. A big social problem in the world told would make up to be racism. Some secern that racism doesnt exist but it does. Racism is a very strong word to use I have to say, but there have been a lot of unfairness and discriminations throughout the years in America. Which is what makes me interested in this topic the unfairness people receive from other people because the rubric of their skin.Some people I know have experienced unfair acts because of the content of their skin. Many people know that racism has occurred in the past when African Americans were treated unfairly being segregated from the opposite race. But most of that changed when people began to fight for equate rights having boycotts, protests, and consistently having those individuals who were racist know that they deserved equal rights as well as they did. And until they receive justice they were going to have their voic es heard to receive justice. Racism is just with black people its with everybody. both race can try anything, but there are still going to be those people who just converse with each other just about other races. Its definitely not only the Caucasian race its basically every race. The African-American race makes fun of the Caucasian and Latino races. The Latino race makes fun of the Caucasian and African American races. Everybody talks about everybody although it is not right I dont believe that it allow ever abide. I feel there should be a end to it simply because everybody is equal whether we want to believe it or not. So a stop to racism is a must it needs to happen now.

Henry David Thoreau Essay

Simplify was Thoreaus motto in his life (Stanley 20). He tapeed the great unwashed how to live simple life by aliment a simple life in Walden. Due to Thoreaus efforts and reckons on reputation pile considers a spirit an important part in their lives, as a result nature became adept of the top topics in 21st century. henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817, in entertain, Massachusetts (Meltzer 11). His parents were John Thoreau and Cynthia Dunbar Thoreau (12). atomic number 1 had three siblings named Helen, John Jr. and Sophia (12). The Thoreau family continuously moved to different places in search for founder liveliness conditions (11). hydrogens drive John had difficulties finding a job (13). He eventually started a very famous pencil qualification business (13).enthalpys parents named him David enthalpy Thoreau, subsequently his uncle David Thoreau (Stanley 16). Thoreau changed his name to atomic number 1 David Thoreau (Olson 14). He changed his name because p eople called him Henry (Stanley 16).Henry and his siblings went to same drill (Stanley 16). First, they went to school called Concords Public Grammar School (16). At his school all students for all grades, sat together on hard benches (16). Although Henrys family could non really afford a private school, Henry still went to private school named Concord academy (16). He went to Concord academy from age cardinal until sixteen (16). He was very quite child at school, as he often did not play games with children (Olson 30). Henry had umpteen nicknames like adjudicate and the fine scholar with big nose (30-32). These nicknames came from children at his school because he did not join in their play (30-32).Since he was born, he was very implicated in nature and natural phenomena (Olson 33). At age eleven, he wrote famous piece of writing nearly seasons (Meltzer 15). The writing about the seasons stated like this The Seasonswhy do the seasons change? And WhyDoes Winters stormy brow a ppear?Is it the word of him on high?Who rules the changing varied year? (15)Henry went to Harvard University for college education (Olson 34). He was not interested in going to college as he barely passes his entrance exams for Harvard he opinion he might work as a carpenter (34). In college, his interest in writing and poetry grew especially with poems of English poets such John Milton, William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer (35). In Harvard university, William Ellery Channing became Henrys one of the best booster unit (35). Later Henry realized that William Ellery Channing was the one who helped him to state of wards his writing (35). In college, Henry started to read many obliges from college library (Stanley 17). On lofty 30, 1837, Henry graduated from Harvard University (Olson 37).After graduating from Harvard University Henry did not knew what to do for living (Stanley 18). He was usually was call upon to do dirt surveying but he thought it was not a great profession al though he had a skill to do institute surveying (17). Ralph Waldo Emerson was Henrys great consort and mentor as Henry got many ideas from Emerson towards his writing (Olson 9). Emerson also allowed Henry to live in his house until Henry has some job to do (Stanley 18). succession living with Emerson, Henry was introduced to, Concords elite circle of writers and philosophers (18). While living with Emerson, Henry thought, he needed to do something in order for living so he did, odd jobs like gardening and fence mending (8).Emerson held informal meeting at his house in which the group of writers and philosophers were welcomed to attend (Olson 27). Henry was also present during these meetings (27). Transcendentalists were the people who used to attend these meeting (Stanley 18). They talked about topics such as political, cultural and regional etc (Olson 27). These Transcendentalists were concerned about, societys materialism (Stanley 18). They believed each person is born with an inner voice, or conscience, and those who live simple lives, close to nature, can hear the inner voice more clearly (18). These Transcendentalists people keep their journals with them for writing their ideas and works (19). The Transcendentalists influenced Henry so much that he came up with this famous quote, If a man does not keep pace with his companions, by chance it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music he hears however measured or far away (19).After college, Thoreau gave many lectures in Concord middle school (Stanley 87). On April 11, 1838, Thoreau make his first lecture in Concord Lyceum (Olson 43). His topic of first lecture was Society (43). On 1838, Lyceum elected Henry as secretary and curator but due to various reasons, he only held these positions until December 1840 (43). Thoreau wrote and read many lectures about personality enchantment working in Concord Lyceum (Stanley 8). Thoreau disliked slavery as in Concord Lyceum he lectured a gainst it in his lecture, Slavery in Massachusetts (Woodlief).Thoreau also supported John Brown efforts in ending slavery as he told in front of Concord Lyceum in his lecture, A Plea for Captain John Brown (Woodlief). Henry David Thoreau gave nineteen lectures in Concord Lyceum (Stanley 87-88). Henry was not paid anything for lecturing in Concord Lyceum (88). When Emerson said town and people of Concord Lyceum about fees people started giving fees (88). Due to Emerson help, fifty dollars was paid to Thoreau because of his lectures that he r (88). Thoreaus fees in Concord Lyceum were always low (88). Thoreau did not care about fees in Concord Lyceum, as he only precious to help people and show them right path (88).In 1847, Thoreau worked as land surveyor (Meltzer 86). Thoreau was appointed surveyor-in-chief by Concord (86). As a surveyor-in-chief, Thoreau has to do many jobs such as, to lay out roads, walk the bounds with town officials, and supply the technical documents for lawsui ts involving his craft (86). Thoreau left his land surveying paper after his death. (86). His land paper were so complete that it included every farm in town (87). Most of Thoreaus surveys were make between 1849 and 1861 (87). According to Meltzer the survey make between 1849 and 1861 were about devil hundred. These surveys are still found in Concord Free Public Library (87). Thoreau was able to make more than one hundred and fifty land surveys (87).Most of the Thoreaus surveys were made in Concord but some were in different cities (87). Even raw land surveyors who use modern technologies and tools appreciate Thoreaus work (87). They said his work as a land surveyor was phenomenal (87). Modern surveyors made surveys of Walden Pond could not disproves, Thoreau conclusion about Walden Pond, made only from a string and a stone (87). Thoreau as a talent land surveyor he made the defend of Walden (Olson 80). Thoreau was very conservative when it came to land and because of him, govern ment made the, National Park Service (NPS) in 1916 (81). The National Park Service was more than fifty meg acres (81). It, became important part of Americas conservative effort (81). The National Park Service preserves natural resources and save the nations forest for future generations (81).After studying in college, Henry David Thoreau tried to teach schools in Concord (Stanley 18). After two weeks of teaching schools, Henry David Thoreau was shoot because, he was expected to flog children if they were bad (18). So as a teacher Henry David Thoreau was not successful(18). After college, Thoreau also worked in his fathers pencil making business (Woodlief). Although Thoreau worked in his fathers pencil, making business he really did not wanted to join him in his pencil making business due to various reasons (Stanley 18).In 1838 Henrys brother John and he himself, took over Concord Academy (18). In Concord academy they started to teach students as they, introduced many new ideas in education (18). In Concord academy, John and Henry took students for weekly nature walks to hear animals and plants so that they would learn through discoveries and firsthand experience (18). Henry and his brother were very profitable in running Concord Academy (18). The academy unopen in 1840 due to Johns sickness (18). The Concord Academy was very successful when John and Henry ran it (18).In 1843, when Henry David Thoreau was twenty-six years old, he believed he was ready to make literature his profession (Meltzer 53). Henrys first writing work came in the periodical named dial publish by Hedge Club (Olson 48). In his first work, he wrote a poem named Sympathy (48). The poem was about Thoreaus friend Edmund Sewall, a teenaged friend whose free and pure spirit Thoreau admired (48). Margaret overflowing was the first editor of Dial (48). She remained editor of Dial from 1840 to 1842 (50). Tension between Thoreau and the editor Margaret overladen began as subsequently Marga ret Fuller rejected many essays and articles written by Thoreau (48).Margaret Fuller also rejected Thoreaus essay, which was about, intravenous feeding-day walk Thoreau took with Fuller brother, Richard (48). Thoreau was rumored to like Margaret Fuller and wanted to unite her (48-50). In 1842, Emerson became editor of Dial as a result Thoreaus essay was more published in Dial (50). Henry David Thoreau wrote an essay on nature in an edition of Dial called Natural History of Massachusetts (50). In 1844, Thoreau wrote his last essay in the edition of Dial (97).In 1839, Henry and his brother went for a trip together (Olson 53). Their trip was to sail from Concord River to Merrimack River (53). For going on this trip, they needed transportation system, so they made a boat called Musketaquid (53). Musketaquid is a Native American name for Concord River (53). The boat they made was fifteen ft in length and three feet in width. This trip provides material was Thoreaus book A Week on the C oncord and Merrimack Rivers (53). On the trip Henry went with his journal to write down ideas and notes about the trip (Stanley 15). Henry David Thoreau published his notes for the book A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers ten years after the trip (16). During the trip, the friendship between Henry and John grew, as they became more and more close (Olson 55).For the past few years, Henry and John used to hate each other, as they wanted to marry same woman named Ellen Sewall (55). Although Henry wanted to marry Ellen Sewall, he never got married to anyone (6). In 1849 Henrys, book A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers was published. The book was not that popular when it was published as only two hundred twenty copies of that book was sold when it was published but in the modern times the book got more and more popular (53). Shortly after the trip, Henrys brother John died on January 11, 1842, from lockjaw, which was caused by cut while John was shaving (Woodlief). After Jo hns death Henry was, freed to become what he really wanted to be a writer who embraced the transcendentalist arbitrariness of the self-reliant man (Olson 57).On July 4, 1845, when Thoreau was 27 years old he started living near Walden Pond (Stanley 20). The Walden Pond became the sight of his famous book Walden or Life in the forest (Olson 58). Henry David Thoreau admired Walden Pond and it beauty when he was very young (Burleigh 6). Thoreau book Walden or Life in the Woods was based on the beauty of nature as many of Thoreaus work came from nature (6). Near Walden Pond, he often walk and sees the animals, river and trees, all beauties of nature and writes its down in his journal (6). Walden or Life in the Woods was a book that described lifestyle of Henry after reverting from Concord to Walden Pond and how he spent his life near Walden Pond (Olson 60). Near Walden Pond Thoreau built up his own confine (Woodlief).Thoreaus cabin was built on the land owned by Emerson (Woodlief). W hile living in Walden Thoreau did extensive amount of reading and writing (Woodlief). While living in Walden Thoreau looked up the nature very closely (Woodlief). While living in Walden Thoreau just saw the nature all day long (Burleigh 10). While living near Walden Thoreau, wanted to get so close to nature that he became one with it (10). Henry went to Walden because he wanted to prove himself (14). He wanted to show that someone could live very, very simply (14). Thoreau went to Walden, as he wanted to enjoy his life (16).Thoreau didnt like any luxuries in his life, as he wanted to be as simple as he could (16). At Walden, he lived very simple life as he with only forty-seven dollars he provided himself with food, c solidifyinghing and shelter (Olson 60). In Walden, Thoreau made a desk for himself in which he wrote Walden or Life in the Woods and his famous essay civilised Disobedience (Meltzer 85). Thoreau got his intelligence from, natural world and the experiences of his life (13). Walden or Life in the Woods was the last book that he published and it was the last book published before his death (61). Walden or Life in the Woods was not that popular on its publication and did not make a lot of money but it was one of the famous works of American literature (12).After returning from Walden Thoreau had very tough time in Concord (Olson 65). Henry David Thoreau got imprisonment for not paying his poll tax for last several years (66). He refused to pay his poll taxes because he was against Mexican War as he thought it was another way to extend slavery in U.S (Meltzer 77).Sam Staples was the constable who arrested Thoreau (66). Sam offered to give money for Thoreau but he rejected (Olson 66). Thoreau got so angry that he asked Staples to quit from his job as a constable (66). Thoreau was surprised to find out the conditions of jail in which he was (68). He said, it was the neatest flatcar in town (68). While Thoreau was in the jail, that night a woman came a nd paid poll taxes for Thoreau (Meltzer 76). The woman who came neither told who she was nor shared her identity (76). Some people thought that woman who came was the Thoreaus aunt Marla (76).When Thoreau was free to go, he refused it and was mad as the devil (77). In the jail, Thoreau started to write his essay called Resistance to Government subsequently called Civil Disobedience (77). Many of Thoreau ideas in his essay were shares by many abolitionists (Olson 71). As always Thoreau essay got little popularity in the beginning (Meltzer 79). In 1866, four years after Thoreaus death his essay was renamed as Civil Disobedience (79). In his essay he said, that a law should be prize not because it is a law, but only if it is just and right. If unjust laws exist, civil disobedience, such as refusing to pay taxes, is an effective way to oppose and change them (80). Thoreau thought there were two types of laws, conscience laws and government laws and when these two laws conflict, its ci tizen duty to obey the voice of conscience rather than that of government (81).Many people were influenced by Thoreau because his essay Civil Disobedience and not paying his poll taxes (Part Way with Thoreau). Among these people were two great leaders known as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther fagot Jr. (Meltzer 81). As people were influenced by Thoreau, during Vietnam War four hundred and forty eight writers didnt pay their poll taxes and protested against them (Part Way with Thoreau). During their protest, they had two major points (Part Way with Thoreau). The first point was, None of us voluntarily will pay the proposed ten percent surcharged or any war designated tax increase (Part Way with Thoreau). Their second point was, Many of us will not pay that twenty three percent of our modern income tax which is creation used to finance the war (Part Way with Thoreau).In Thoreaus last twenty years, he began his observation about vegetation in Concord (Gray). Thoreaus goal was, to fi nd God in nature (Gray). Henry got his goal about nature from his mind and from Emerson (Gray). After leaving Walden, Thoreau tried to find scientific things in nature (Gray). In 1999, Thoreau book Wild Fruit was published (Gray). The book was imprint because of Thoreaus friend Bradley doyen (Gray). The manuscript of this book was neatly stacked and wrapped at time of his death (Gray).The manuscript of the book was lost many times because of change of owners of Thoreaus house and due to it bad handwriting (Gray). This book was written as Thoreau took notes on each plant in order, which they grew (Gray). In that book, the sentences were mainly poetic (Gray). In the book, he asks people to pay close attention to fruit grown by nature (Gray). In the book he take stand against dying of environment especially wilderness (Gray). The advised Thoreau made during the book was to, let us try to keep the New World new (Gray). His advised is being taken a century later (Gray).After writing th is book Thoreau traveled to Main Woods and Cape Cod very often as traveling there he was interested in Native American and their frontiers (Woodlief). In 1860, Thoreau got a coolness as the symptoms of tuberculosis such as cold created problems for him (Olson 84). Tuberculosis also created problems for his family as Henrys elder sister who was a schoolteacher died of tuberculosis (Meltzer 12). Even with cold, he lectured in lyceum in Waterbury, Connecticut (Olson 84). Thoreau cold felt worse after the lecture as he found that his deepened into bronchitis (84). Later his cold and health got much worse (84). On may 1861, he planned to go to trip to Minnesota in order to study plants (84). The trip was not fully completed due to Thoreaus bad health (86).Thoreau thought his end of his live was very near (86). In September 1861, he made his last visit to Walden (86). On November 3, 1861, Thoreau made his one last final entry in his journal (86). Thoreau last words before his death was, Moose and Indian (Woodlief). Henry David Thoreau died on May 6, 1862 at the age of forty-four years (Meltzer 145). Henry left his essays and his two books after his death (Woodlief). Henry also left his huge journal after his death, which was later published in twenty volumes (Woodlief).After Thoreaus death, his friend Emerson and Luisa May Alcott wrote memorials for him (Woodlief). Emerson memorial was, Emerson eulogy and Mays memorial was, Thoreaus champagne flute (Woodlief). Thoreau is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts. The cemetery also contains the graves of authors such as Louisa May Alcott and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Thoreau long time friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson is also buried in the cemetery (Olson 87).Although Henry David Thoreau was very simple, he gave many things to people in this world that people can reach from. His works on nature forced people to realize that our nature was something as people benefited from Thoreaus work almost a c entury later (Olson 88).Works CitedBurleigh, Robert. A Man Named Thoreau. New York Atheneum, 1985. Gray, Paul. Unregarded Berries. Time 29 November 1999. 18 May 2009 Meltzer, Milton. A Biography Henry David Thoreau. Minneapolis Twenty-First Century Books, 2007. Olson, Steven P. Henry David Thoreau American Naturalist, Writer, And Transcendentalists. New York The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2006. Part Way with Thoreau. Time 9 February 1968. 5 May 2009 Stanley, Phyllis M. American Environmental Heroes. New Jersey Enslow Publishers, Inc, 1996. Woodlief, Ann. Henry David Thoreau. American transcendental philosophy Web. 26 June 2007. 19 May 2009

Red Handed

Title I was a disappointment to my dad 2004 was the year my father developed a taste for schedules and routines. It was, and still is, his way of making sure that things are in order, and I conjecture it was his way, when we were younger, of ensuring there was some consistency in our daily lives. When Mum left, I think that was all he could think to do giving us something fixed, something to fall back on, something to let us know that our world still stood firm even as his was locomote apart. It was never really the same, our world he was never really the same. Mum has always been the spontaneous one.She had always done things whenever she felt alike it. I suppose that was why she could leave us just like that. She had never been one for commitment. After she left, my father came up with The Schedule. We had to follow it, and by then we were so despairing to keep one parent that we paid attention. He took great pride in us following it for a while. The Schedule gratified him. I hatch Fridays were pizza days they only had the regular pizza then, not the triple cheese extravaganza they do now, something for which I am utterly thankful on Thursdays we took trips to the parks.It did not matter which park it was or how many times we had been there before. We just went on Thursdays. lethargy, three geezerhood my junior, and I, would see how many flowers we could find that had at least an insect hovering over them while Father stared blankly into the distance, occasionally, he would smile. Then there were Tuesdays. On Tuesdays, I was to finish whatever assessment Dad asked me to do. I would put in my best effort to flummox them done to perfection and always long before he came to pick us up at Aunts.I would, upon entering his new black BMW, brandish out the assessment to show off to him and I had always been a honest son so he never tore the answer key out before. Each time, his eyes would light up and tell me I was a superb boy and off we would go home whe re he would mark my expire and explain my mistakes (which I rarely have) to me. Followed by that, we would be off for dinner at the place I chose but since vapid was still six, Dad did not give him any assignment which meant he had no say in what we were expiry to have for dinner and he always beg with me to choose Macdonalds.The World was going to be all right for one more day. Dads smile told me so. That particular Tuesday, the day of The Incident, I came face to face with something I wish I never again have to face, but yet I see it time and again, lodged in my guilty mind. The day started off the same way. It started off right. I think that was the worst part, the fact that things could have just interpreted sudden about-turns. Breakfast, school, Aunts. I was nine and I remember feeling, no, knowing that I had forgotten something. That vaguely familiar sense of unease that plagues everyone starts with the innocence of puerility mistakes, I suppose.What was it, the thing that I had forgotten? I could not remember. Put away my toys? Done. Helping my brother tie his shoelaces? Done. So what was it? Something was out of order. Something did not belong. five-spot more minutes left before we had to leave. Ignoring that nagging feeling, I dragged my brother out of some other series of Transformers. He as usual quietly obeyed me as he begged, can we have Macdonalds please? That was then the realization that dawned on me was like a slow burn. I could feel my skin prickling. My communication channel seemed to become warmer as it made its way to my head. I had not done my assessmentsDad is going to kill me but I only have five minutes left how much can I finish? Oh no Instinctively, I reached for a pen and told my brother he could watch for another five min. The time slowly ticked by. Five minutes, four minutes I was out off time That was when I came up with my idea an idea I wished I had never done. I flipped to the book and found the page I needed to copy. D one Just on time I then dragged Matt out of Aunts who was as always decisively happy we were leaving. Sitting on the stoop, I could feel Dad finding out I had copied but there was no way because my work was usually perfect. Where is Dad? Where is he? Huh? Where? Where? Why is he not here yet? Huh Bro? Now Matt was whining about Dad being late. In my unease, I could not even tell him to shut up and he must be surprised by my stillness because he casted a curious glance at me. Before Matt could ask what happened, Dad pulled up along the kerb, his car coughing up exhaust fumes. I pretended to sound as if everything was normal. I waved my assessment at him, my banner of proof. When we reached home, Dad turned over to the answer key and started marking. humble known to me, I had left three evidence there.Firstly, I had left a blue pen mark on the answer key, Secondly I was doing Primary 5 work so I could not have possibly have gotten full marks, lastly, I had sneezed while copying down the answers so there was still mark of my sneeze. Then I saw that flicker. I saw that flicker in his eyes. Realisation, disappointment, rejection. It was only for a split second but, yes, it was there, the disappointment. I could almost hear him How like her mother she is how like her mother she is. He must have known that I had seen the flicker too because then, just like that, I could see him almost willing himself to cast that critical thought aside.I Know he was not able to do so because two years from The Incident, when I do talk to him, something which had grown progressively rare in those days, I still see that flicker in his eye. I never showed him my work after that day and I now mark my own work, he too never asked. Now, every Tuesday, I am often so distraught I can only find comfort having left a mark on the answer key. I would always recall that Tuesday when I was nine, It was that Tuesday when I saw that disappointment come to stay in my fathers eyes and no, oh God no , that for the first time, it had been me who had put it there.

Cipla

INTRODUCTION Cipla Limited is an Indian pharmaceutical company, Founded by nationalist Indian scientist Khwaja Abdul Hamied as The Chemical, Industrial & Pharmaceutical Laboratories . Cipla laid foundations for the Indian pharmaceutical industry way back in 1935 with the vision to make India self-reliant and self-sufficient in healthcargon. Legacy of innovation and an entrepreneurial spirit ingrained by the founder, Dr. K. A Hamied and propounded by the present Chairman and Managing Director, Dr. Yusuf Khwaja Hamied .Over the past 77 courses, Cipla has emerged as one of the most respected pharmaceutical names not just in India but worldwide. The company? s headquarter is in Mumbai, India. Cipla produces one of the widest range of ingatherings and dosage forms in the world today, everything from metered-dose inhalers, pre-filled syringes, trans-dermal spray patches, lyophilized injections, nasal sprays, medical devices, and thermo labile foams. The company R unconstipatedue is aro und 6977million and turnover is around 1 billion. Cipla? Business model is based on international strategic alliances and focal point on pursuing organic growth while reducing capital commitment and regulatory/litigation risks. Cipla makes drugs to treat cardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes, weight control, depression and some other health conditions, and its products are distributed in virtually every country of the world. And probably silk hat-known remote its home country for pioneering the manufacture of low-cost anti-AIDS drugs for HIV-positive patients in developing countries.It has played a similarly prominent role in expanding access to drugs to fight influenza, respiratory disease and cancer. Cipla has over 34 state-of-the-art manufacturing units which stand been approved by respective(a) Ministries of Health and Regulatory Authorities like US FDA, WHO, MCC -South Africa, MHRAUK, TGA-Australia among others. In addition, Cipla? s manufacturing facilities are GCM P compliant in conformity with national and international standards. With over 2000 products in 65 redress areas, Cipla? product portfolio comprises of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients(APIs), Formulations for Human and Animal Healthcare and OTC products. Cipla has the technological powers of manufacturing products in most dosage forms across therapeutic categories, which offers the company a unique competitive advantage. Cipla has earned a name for maintaining world-class quality across all its products and services. With the dedication of its 20,000 employees, Cipla continues to support, improve and save millions of lives with its high-quality drugs and innovative devices and is focused towards its commitment.Cipla won Chemexcil Award excellence for exports in 1980, wins National award for successful commercialization of publicity funded R&D in 1988. Cipla received the Thomson Reuters India transition Award in 2012. VISION Cipla started with a vision to build a healthy India MI SSSION OF THE COMPANY To make the life of the patients better. CIPLA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CIPLA? S seek capabilities are massive, from Chemical Synthesis, Delivery Systems and Medical Devices to Process Engineering, Animal Health Products, Neutraceuticals and Biotechnology.Today, across 170 countries, there are millions of patients who get to use a Cipla product to prevent, to cure, or for relief from suffering. In their cure and relief lies th e ultimate purpose of what they do. At Cipla, this has been the driving force behind continuous following for quality. The company strive not just to meet international specifications, but to exceed, to excel, to meet what they call the Cipla benchmark. In fact, they have set standards for the world to follow and have contributed to more than 125 monographs in the last 15 familys to British,European, US and international pharmacopoeia. Today companies from around the world seek strategic alliances with Cipla for product development, t echnological support and marketing. In a small way, the company even help countries set up their pharmaceutical infrastructure and train their professionals, contributing to their quest for effrontery just the way they began healing India, seven decades ago. Equally inspiring has been Cipla? s fight against asthma. They splitnered with the medical fraternity to shatter myths, spread awareness and empowered asthma patients to lead a fuller life.The company have the worlds largest range of asthma medication and delivery systems. This relentless commitment to asthma shake to set up the Chest Research Foundation. It? s one of the few Institutes in the world that? s dedicated to clinical and allied research in the field of Chronic Respiratory Diseases. CHANGES In the past few years, Cipla has modificationd its strategy in a number of areas from region, to product to human resources to prevent a future tense meltdown from eroding margins. Till now, the names Cipla and Yusuf Hamied have been virtually interchangeable.After all, Hamied was the one who put the generic drug company onto the world map when he provided many health care systems in developing countries with cheaper versions of unaffordable AIDS drugs, making instant icons out of himself and his company . Today, however, Hamied is no longer steering the drug maker on a daily basis and Cipla, meanwhile, is engineering a quiet revolution on its own attracting outside talent, which it has never done before and venturing into new dirt in arrange to avoid an existential crisis when the patent cliff expires in a few years.Simply put, the company has begun a quest for a growth escape that will generate sustainable profits in the future. While we may call it a transformation,? it is a reasonable and justifiable extension or adjacent step to their current strengths The change is required to open new avenues of growth for the company, and not lose out on opportunities that come with a shelf life, oddly t he patent cliff in 2012-17, for both small molecules and biologics, says Aashish Mehra, managing director, Strategic Decision Group.Cipla? s late(a) reconceptualisation has boosted its stock price from Rs 317 in June to Rs 395 in September. Marketing itself maybe the biggest change in the company? s strategy is the jettisoning of its focus on volumeled growth and a shift to an inorganic, profitability-focused one. A depict indication of this is the company? s willingness to move on to the front-end in developed markets like the US, where, so far, it has operated primarily by means of partners for sales and distribution of its products.Recently, Cipla started filing applications aggressively with the US Food and Drugs formation (USFDA), seeking approval for its own generic products, which it plans to market on its own while assembling a separate sales team there. The move is aimed at getting more value for products and technology, says Cipla Director S Radhakrishnan in an interac tion with Business Standard. This is a laudable move, say analysts, in a company that had the potential, but, it was so far unrealised. Over the last few years, while all of Cipla? peers have grown primarily on the back of their success in the US market, Cipla had follow a seemingly faulty strategic decision to limit its exposure to this market, says a recent report on Cipla by IDFC Securities. Given Cipla? s extensive product repertoire, proven R&D capabilities and extensive manufacturing network, we believe it has all the ingredients to succeed in the US market despite its relatively late entry, it adds. (Ciplas ever-changing landscape) The change in strategy is not limited to just the US and other developed markets.The company is in addition actively planning joint ventures and even acquisitions to strengthen its position in key markets like Turkey, Morocco, Brazil and Nigeria. However, company insiders suggest that transformation does not necessarily mean a complete terminati on from its present approach. The spirit of the company cannot change, at least not entirely. We will continue with our basic mantra of low-cost drug making, says the Cipla official. We are also looking at consolidation with partners as one of the options in some key markets, he adds.This can probably explain what Cipla has recently done in China. In order to streamline investments there, the company has rejigged its business in order to focus more on its core areas. While the drug maker has exited a significant part of its investment in Chinese partner Desano Holdings, it has ploughed part of the funds into specific units that manufacture biosimilars and niche active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The quest for higher margins An imminent revolution can be seen in Cipla? s product portfolio.The company is gradually shifting focus to high-margin products, such as oncology drugs and inhalers from tender-based anti-retroviral medicines. No surprise as to why it is doing so its mar gins are slated to halve themselves from 21. 3 per cent in FY10 to an estimated 11. 9 per cent in FY14. According to Mehra, Cipla may perhaps be best known outside India by its landmark low-priced, anti-HIV products, but, it also needs to address regulated markets with quality products, across segments. Cipla should rightly be proud of its image of universe a low-cost drug maker? ut the anti-retrovirals had been quite low-margin for Cipla, and changing the product mix towards more high-value products, such as the inhalers for the regulated markets, would help bank up margins, says Mehra. Praful Bohra, senior analyst at Nirmal Bang Securities, says two years ago, the contribution from anti-retroviral drugs was 20-25 per cent while today, it has fallen to 15 per cent. According to analysts, the falling margins in anti-retroviral drugs due to tough competition from multinational, as well as domestic companies has triggered the shift towards new avenues.Regional shift The rationalisat ion can also be viewed through the export contribution from different geographies. According to the IDFC report, contribution of Africa which is primarily a tender business market to total exports declined from 42 per cent in the financial year 2010-11 to 40 per cent in 2011-12, with absolute sales remaining flat, year-on-year. In contrast, the share of Europe and Australasia grew from 26 per cent in financial year 2010-11 to 30 per cent in 201112 with sales growing at 32 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively.Cipla also plans to increase its focus on domestic markets, with penetration of its offerings in new therapeutic segments, such as oncology and neuropsychiatry. The company is the market leader in key therapeutic areas, such as respiratory care, anti-viral and urological Cipla plans to focus on growing its market share and sales by increasing penetration in the Indian market, especially in rural areas, a recent report by Angel Broking said. The company? s distribution netw ork in India consists of a field force of around 7,000 employees. The company? new offerings would also include biosimilars, especially those in the oncology, anti-asthmatic and anti-arthritis categories. They already have the pipeline in place (Avastin, Herceptin, Enbrel, among others), and would benefit from having the commercial footprint in regulated markets at the earliest, points Mehra. Cipla has already invested $165 million in India and China to acquire facilities and build new ones for its foray. The company? s earnings in the first quarter of the financial year 2012-13 have begun to demonstrate the potential of these initiatives.During the financial quarter ended June 2011, the company? s gross margin expanded by 490 bps, year-on-year, to 61. 8 per cent, mainly on account of a better product mix, which had lower proportion of anti-retroviral in formulation exports and higher proportion of domestic formulation sales. Strengthening of the balance poll has been a key focus a rea for Cipla in the last few years and the benefits of concentrated efforts are clearly visible, says Nitin Agarwal of IDFC. People Possibly the biggest catalyst of the change that Cipla is going through is because of a radical new strategy regarding management hires. Cipla has traditionally not been aggressive about hiring senior management personnel from outside the organisation. However, there seems to be a clear change in strategy on this front, reflective of the transformation underway into a more aggressive unit, says Agarwal in the report. According to Bohra, this also reflects increasing professionalism in the company, which is also essential to surviving cut-throat competition in the industry. Over the past year, Cipla has hired people in the key functions of finance, international business and strategy, from competitors such as Lupin and Dr Reddy? . In July, Cipla announced the hiring of Frank Peters (ex-Teva and GSK) to head its respiratory business and the European Unio n region. Also, two Hamied scions Kamil (31) and Samina (36), children of Yusuf Hamied? s brother M K Hamied are on Cipla? s senior management team since 2010 and 2011, respectively. Analysts see this as an attempt to address key investor concerns on succession planning. These are key moves that were long overdue for a company that is yet to harness its full potential.

Misconception of African Americans Essay

Since the beginning of time African Americans have been viewed negatively. We have always been viewed as a threat to society and frowned upon by many races. There are many cliches displayed in the media of what African Americans are supposed to act like. These conclusions cause closely immediate negative feelings from other races and sometimes by our own race. African American females in television shows and movies are often shown as the loud ghetto acting, wrothful baleful girl who is always telling someone off.Actor Tyler Perry has been criticized for illustrating African American females as big momma, another negative passage of black women. Other times shapely video vixens cause other black females to be portrayed as jump-offs or gold diggers. African American males have even greater judgments to overcome. They are viewed as a menace to society. They are illustrated as wild, angry, dangerous gang bangers. Black men are viewed as absentee fathers or abusive husbands.Although, in some cases, African American males do possess some of these characteristics, there are just as many black men that are positive role models. These ignorant judgments are called stereotypes. A stereotype is defined as a widely held but fixed and oversimplified motion picture or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Stereotypes, in my own words, are judgments blindly made by hoi polloi who use ignorance as an excuse to be biased against those who are different from them. There are many different types of stereotyping.Racial stereotyping, sexist stereotyping, stereotypes about cultures, and familiar orientation stereotypes are all judgments that can affect ones life in many ways. Stereotypes are, sadly, made by everyone. Racial stereotyping, however, is the most general type of stereotyping, and can sometimes be dangerous. The Trayvon Martin story, for example, is a situation where stereotyping turned tragic. Trayvon Martin was a young African American boy who was walkin g from the store with vigour but Skittles and a drink in his pockets.Because of his race, and the stereotype of what black Males are capable of, he was targeted, and tragically killed. There have been many similar cases of dangerous stereotyping. Peoples fear of what the media shows we are suited to do, has gotten out of control. Too many of us are dying because of this fear. While many stereotypes do seem to be believable, people like Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, my grandparents, and my mom allow me to realize that not all stereotypes are true.

Indian Societies: Gender roles in the Ramayana Essay

In the early patriarchal geological era of the Ramayana, men dominated everyplace the Indian societies. All areas of social prominence were entirely run by men in the form of warriors, priests and tribal chiefs. Women had very little or no fountain at all in the political and public heavens. They were raised to look after their families as headspring as being dutiful wives. Women had the undertaking of being loyal, faithful, loving and compassionate towards their husbands. Individual families were normally set up on a Male authority basis, with the husband and father determining rudimentary conditions and making the key decisions for their well being. Womens main role in society was that of influencing their family by providing love and affection to their husbands and children while the man was in stir up of satisfying his familys needs.Male oriented societal values allowed little or no space for women to express their interests and be influential in their mundane lives. Wome n were traditionally expected to serve their husbands and to have no autonomous interests. Only men could be rulers and leaders in the patriarchal society where the story of the Ramayana developed. Rama at one time said on his designation as prince regent Mother, my father has appointed me to the task of protecting the people (Mack 584). This passage clearly illustrates how power was transferred from father to male child in order to provide for the peoples needs and for the community as a whole. Rama then as a leader of society must(prenominal) enforce values among others and express his desire to shoot down remarkable attributes to the people that surround him. Sovereignty falls to your share, too, for you are my second self (585). The need for a sovereign ruler is thus expressed among the community and desired for all individuals in the society.Women were projected as passive victims of the male-ru lead system in which they were trapped. Females were responsible for the well b eing of the family as a whole. Women were raised with a limited perception of their role and placement in the community. To be a respectful and a best house married woman meant for these women to shed themselves of some(prenominal) ambitions and desires they might dream of. They had to conform to what was expected from them, which was to have no identity besides being a wife or a mother (Qazi). If they did not conform that way, they were subject to indignity while treated as mereobjects whose main role was to tempt men into sin. narration has proven that women were alienated if they did not conform according to what was expected of them. These kinds of women were stereotyped as villains or perceived as being tainted.Men were perceived as being in a role of power, no matter how large their families were. They were brought up with the belief that they were the sole providers for the family. Their failure to perform as it was expected from them led the family into constant perish. M ales were in charge of many aspects of society including making decisions for the community, serving as spiritual guiders, choosing leaders and maintaining an equitable place to live in. Men often made decisions and enforced those decisions upon the family. As Raghunathan noted in his work, Men lead and women follow. Women had no chance but to agree to the males decisions they obligate to women. The fact that they were born males gave them an advantage over women in the way that they could achieve anything they wanted and become anything they desired.Men were highly valued and respected if they possessed original values and ideals within the society. They were educated and trained to be ambitious and to have idealistic values, which were admirable in this specific society. On the other hand, women were taught to shed any ambitions and ideas they may have for themselves. The characteristics valued in men were not valued in women on the contrary, these characteristics in women were disapproved because of the male-ruled system of the time. Patriarchy leads to gender inequality in society (Seeger). Eventually this could lead these women to become isolated from society since they were not allowed to perform the same tasks and duties as men. Women then, had to rely on the love and devotion they would bring to the family while having other interests and aspirations.In conclusion, the male and female roles in the Ramayana were pre-established by the rigorous society in which the story developed. Males had certain expectations they had to fulfill such as being rulers and leaders in order to be good men. Females, on the other hand, were limited to being faithfulto their husbands while expressing their love for the family. Each had a role in society that they could not differ from due to extreme moral valuation. Men were to become the best warriors and to desire power through leading women were to become good mothers and proper wives with no intent or desire to achie ve higher goals or expectations.Patriarchy led men into high power positions in the community leaving women with no chance of participation in this field. This type of society facilitated men into possessing key roles in the religious and political arena which served them as a platform to pursue and achieve higher goals. In the story of the Ramayana, men were empowered and women were often subdued due to the patriarchal era that they were living in at the time of the story, which facilitated these typical gender roles.Works citedMack, Maynard. The Ramayana of Valkimi. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. New York W.W. Norton, 1997. 576-612Qazi, Uzma. Ramayana Lecture Notes. Grant MacEwan, Edmonton, 2008.Seeger, Elizabeth. The Ramayana. New York William R. Scott, 1969.Raghunathan, N. Srimad Valkimi Ramayana. Madras Vighneswara Publishing House, 1981.

Cyber Hacking

Cyber Hacking Cyber hacking is an morsel of modifying estimator hardw are and software, in order to cause damage to other computer system. People who ensnarl in computer activities are known as hackers. What are their purposes to do so? For some hackers, it is scantily a hobby and the way to determine their level of computerization. They enjoy learning more about how computer works and consider it is an art form. Besides, hackers apply their skill to break passwords, send viruses, and damage computer meshing security system for their deceitful purpose.Some hacking activities are directed towards individuals, families and organizations as an actual attack. There are many another(prenominal) effects caused by cyber hacking. For example financial losses, hackers steal financial information to withdraw funds from an organization. early(a) than that, some of them received ransom from an organization to bombard other organizations servers to become overladen and crash. Furthermore, hackers also pretend to be someone determines to gain unauthorized access to information property.Similar experiment The Other Side of Email Robert KuttnerThey get to use the information to steal funds from banks or cite cards. Apart from that, hackers may hijack politician identity to circulate propaganda that panics the population. As an internet user, we actually are at risk for becoming a victim of cyber hacking. So, how can we avoid from getting hacked? The ways to value ourselves are do not engage in conversation with strangers, forestall passwords protected, do not keep any sensitive materials on computer and make sure the antivirus software is always updated.

Mtv : Target Market and Demographics Essay

1) MTV has become the icon of cable post across the country. Their success has been analyzed and reported for many years. MTV began as a venue for record companies to yield harmony videos to advertise their artists. Today, the channel reaches over 70 million United States households. MTV was the first 24-hour, seven-day-a-week commercial channel, because the music videos were seen as advertisements that ranged from artists and record labels to clothing and attitudes. There are many reasons given for MTVs success end-to-end its lifetime. What MTV aimed at was to capture the teenaged audience. They did this by means of eliminating adults from shows. MTV gives teens a feeling that they are the center of the origination that they are powerful, and cool. When someone signs up to work for MTV, they are basically signing up to become 21 years old.This immerses them into these young adults music, style, and reality. MTV also uses many techniques like changing styles and introducing new music to keep teen viewers hungering for more. MTVs tactical development of targeting the teen audience has been a positive maneuver and is the overlooking force in the rise of the companys popularity. Presented here are three major motives that suck up MTVs fame. First, after ratings fell in the 1990s, MTV managed to bring itself back to the top of the ratings by certain merchandising ploys.Second, MTV educates and familiarizes todays teenage refining with the changing society. Thirdly, MTV devotes all of its programming to serve the interest of the world demographic. There are many reasons why MTV is aiming to capture the teenage audience. First, todays teenage culture bases their agendas around the mass media. It is very common for teenagers to arrange their plans around certain shows, so they do not miss viewing the latest and the funkiest reality cum fiction shows provided by them.

Haggard’s King Solomon’s Mines Essay

had three huge barns, nine wives and thirty children. (Achebe, 15) These men held titles which gave them a higher office in society. It was the responsibility of the clansmen to watch out for another(prenominal) individuals in their society. We do not ask for wealth because he that has health and children will also decl be wealth. We do not pray to have to a greater extent money still to have more kinsmen. We are better than animals because we have kinsmen. An animal rubs its itching annexe against a tree, a man asks his kinsmen to scratch him. (Achebe, 145)This exemplifies the values of a traditional Igbo society where the bond surrounded by fellow members of the society as well as health was greatly cherished. They held the life of their kinsmen very high. Achebe goes a step further in describing the elaborate family system of the natives. Unlike skeletals previously discussed erudition implying the underestimated value of money, agriculture played an important role in supp orting the polygamous household. The natives grew crops and also reared and meek animals such as chicken and goats.Achebes attitude discretely explains that the native society in the mid nineteenth century was civilized contrary to the image established by Sir Henry Rider Haggard. Africa is known for its exceptional beauty, flora and fauna. King Solomons Mines offers wondrous explanations of the landscape and wilderness found in the untamed, uncivilized, unadulterated land. there are the deep kloofs cut in the hills by the rushing rains of centuries, down which the rivers sparkle there is the deepest thou of the bush, growing as God planted it (Haggard, 32) The possibility of untold treasures still to be discovered deep down the hidden parts of the land naturally sparks ideas of heroic adventures. Haggard considers the unexplored land as beingness dark and evil. But here and there you meet make out a little component of history of this dark land. (Haggard, 18) On the other hand, Achebes novel is embedded with multitudes of descriptions of the natural environment as well as how people have modeled their economy around it The last big rains of the category were falling. It was the time for treading red earth with which to build walls.It was not done earlier because the rains were too heavy and would have washed away the heap of trodden earth and it could not be done later because harvesting would in brief set in, and after that the dry season. (Achebe, 142) Similar to Haggard, Achebe has depicted Africans as living in mud huts, but the distinction in their attitude can be easily made through analyzing the following description Oknonkwos prosperity was visible in the household. He had a large compound enclosed by a thick wall of red earth. His own hut, or obi, stood immediately behind the only admittance in the red wallsThe barn was built against one end of the red walls, and long stacks of yam stood out prosperously in it. (Achebe, 11) Things Fall Apart describes the homes were the representation of the owners prosperity and winner in the society. The attitudes exhibited by both writers towards the topography of the land are similar, even though Achebe describes the significance of seasons and climatic changes in the natives lives. Sir Henry Rider Haggards King Solomons Mines and Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart are concise novels which offer insightful descriptions of Africa and Africans as discussed above.They elaborate upon the beliefs, values and harmony of the people with their native land. Haggards description of Africa and Africans shows that his attitude is not completely detached from the stereotypical European beliefs. Achebe is successful in offering a credible and historically accurate description of the rich land, diverse culture and singular traditions. His attitude cannot be considered completely just nor unbiased as he is discussing the history of his own people. However, the analysis of the two novels bring s out an interesting pattern.The perceptions presented in the novels preserve the thinking of the society when the two novels were each written. The lieu colonial society of today is much more accepting of the diversity present in autochthonous cultures. This acceptance and appreciation was suppressed in the colonial era when strong nations such as Britain were colonizing other parts of the world. Overtime, our global society has prodigiously evolved and continues this progression implicating a growth of acceptance and appreciation of cultural diversity.

Printing Press

Intro things to talk about The ancient Greeks wrote texts intended for education only the privileged, wealthy few who could afford scribes. The modern textbook has its grow in the standardization made feasible by the make press. Early textbooks were employ by tutors and teachers, who used the books as instructional aids The next revolution for books came with the 15th-century invention of printing with changeable type. The invention is attributed to German metal smith Johannes Gutenberg, who cast type in molds using a melted metal commixture and constructed a wooden-screw printing press to transfer the image onto paper.Gutenbergs invention made mass production of texts possible for the first time. In general the invention of the printing press (Lower-class) Before Gutenbergs printing press, reading books were a privilege for the church service building and some of the nobility, literacy was practically non-existent in the lower class, books were extremely expensive, and scient ists never shared their regulate with other scientist. After the printing press was invented, books became considerably cheaper to afford, thus, making it easier for lower class citizens, as wholesome as, libraries to afford books and circulate them throughout Europe.With the increase in books and the availability of them, came the increase in literacy among the lower classes. tralatitious lecture before the invention- who accessed books how it impacted education Also, since it was easier to print work scientist started sharing their flora with each other. This was an stupefying improvement in science, because now scientist could critic each others work, improve upon it, and eventually come up with enlighten conclusions. how the printing press (changed the role of the Catholic Church) No more did people have to accept what the church told them they could now read it for themselves.In an indirect way, it led to the Reformation of the church, one of the major events in European history. Without the printing press and the availability of account books, Martin Luther may not have been in the position to question the authority of the church and to encourage people to study the Bible for themselves to see how Faith was the means to salvation, rather than good works, as the Catholic Church had expounded for centuries. The church officials, before the printing press was invented, were the only ones to read the Bible and they, then taught their interpretations to the congregation. When the printing presses started printing